防治棉铃虫的高毒农药替代品种研究  

Study on Substitutional Insecticides to Replace Hypertoxic Insecticides against Cotton Bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera

作　　者：于宏坤[1] 梁革梅[1] 任明勇[1] 张永军[1] 常洪雷[1] 吴孔明[1] 郭予元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学研究院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《农药学学报》2006年第4期327-334,共8页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：财政部专项--农业部2005年高毒农药及示范项目资助

摘　　要：采用室内浸卵、浸叶和点滴法以及田间小区试验，对19种杀虫剂防治棉铃虫的作用特点和效果进行了系统研究。室内生物测定结果表明：多杀菌素对棉铃虫卵孵化有较好的抑制作用，90．40mg／L多杀菌素处理后棉铃虫卵的孵化率仅为42．86％；多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素、高效氯氟氰菊酯、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的毒杀作用明显，原药稀释1.0×10^4-2．0×10^4倍时可使初孵幼虫死亡率迭100％；昆虫生长调节剂——氟啶脲、氟铃脲、甲氧虫酰肼原药稀释1000倍对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的致死率大于70％，且幼虫的生长受到明显抑制；甲氨基阿维菌素、高效氯氟氰菊酯、多杀菌素、毒死蜱、高效氨氰菊酯、丙溴磷、辛硫磷对低、高龄棉铃虫幼虫均具有较好的毒杀效果。田间小区试验结果表明，甲氨基阿维菌素、高效氯氟氰菊酯、丙溴磷、高效氯氰菊酯作用效果快且防治效果好，尤其是4000倍甲氨基阿维菌素和5000倍高效氨氟氰菊酯处理后第三天，其对棉铃虫的致死率迭100％；多杀菌素和甲氧虫酰肼作用效果稍差。若在棉铃虫卵高峰期适时施药，供试的6种药剂均可作为防治棉铃虫的高毒农药替代品种。The effects characters and efficacies of 19 insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera were tested by using laboratorial egg-dipping, leaf-dipping, topical application bioassay and plot tests in the field. The indoor bioassay results showed that the hatching rate of cotton bollworm were significantly suppressed by spinosad,only 42.86% of the eggs hatched after treated by 90.40 mg/L spinosad. High mortalities of neonatal cotton bollworm occurred as they bored out from the eggs treated by methylaminoavermectin, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, phoxim, profenophos and beta- cypermethrin. All of these insecticides mentioned above are highly toxic to neonates, and their 1.0 × 10^4 - 2.0 × 10^4 times dilutions could kill 100% of the neonates. The results of growth regulators such as chlorfluazuron,hexaflumuron and methoxyfenozide were also effective to neonatal cotton bollworm, 70% of the larvae died after separately treated by 1 000 times dilutions of these insecticides, while the development of survival larvae were obviously inhibited. Methylaminoavermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, beta-cypermethrin ,profenophos and phoxim were equally effective to young and old larvae. The results of plot tests showed that methylaminoavermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, betacypermethrin and profenophos had high and quick effective, the corrected mortalities were 100% after treated with 4 000 times methylaminoavermectin dilution and 5 000 times lambda-cyhalothrin dilution. But the spinosad and methoxyfenozide acted slowly and their efficacies were lower. Consequently,methylaminoavermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, beta-cypermethrin, profenophos and methoxyfenozide can be used as substitutional insecticides to replace hypertoxic insecticides against H. armigera,if only spray insecticides in time at peak egg stage.

关 键 词：高毒农药替代 棉铃虫 室内生物测定 田间小区试验 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]