青海湖区生态环境变化及其成因分析  

The Eco-environmental Change and Causes of Qinghai Lake Watershed

作　　者：刘进琪[1] 王一博[2] 程慧艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]中科院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 [2]兰州大学,兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2007年第1期32-37,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

摘　　要：青海湖区生态环境问题十分突出,集中表现为,湖水位持续下降,湖面萎缩,水环境趋于恶化;天然草场退化,土地沙化;生物多样性弱化,珍稀濒危野生动物濒临灭绝,渔业资源濒临枯竭等。分析其成因主要受到人类活动和自然气候变化双重作用影响,一是近40年青海湖地区的气温变化,具有明显的升温趋势,平均10年尺度上升温0.36℃,同期,降水量波动且略呈减少态势;二是入湖水量减少,对青海湖鱼类生长繁殖影响较大;三是草地开垦,超载过牧与樵采,构建围栏等人类活动剧烈。为此提出构建社会-经济-自然复合生态系统和谐的发展模式和开展沙漠化防治工程建设与制定青海湖综合整治规划的综合治理措施。The eco - environment of Qinghai Lake watershed has been severely aggravated. The main problems are as follows ： the continuous decrease of the lake water level and deterioration of water quality ; the extension of the areas of grassland degradation and damage by desertification ; the weakness of creature variety, danger of extinction of some rare and endangered wild animals and fishery. It is mainly influenced by human activities and nature climate change. The following three aspects should be taken into account： （ 1 ） Air temperature change of Qinghai Lake in nearly 40 years shows an obvious rise by 0.36℃ annually, while the rainfall fluctuant shows the decrease trend ; （2） the decrease of Qinghai Lake water level has severe effected on fish development ; （3） the excessive human activities such as land reclamation, overgraze, over- cutting and enclosure. So it should construct the harmonious development mode of social- economy -nature compound ecosystem, develop the deterioration prevention project, establish the synthetical regulation step of Qinghai Lake.

关 键 词：生态环境 水文变化 土地利用 青海湖 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]