菝葜科种皮微结构特征及其分类学意义  

Seed coat morphology of Smilacaceae and its systematic significance

作　　者：陈士超[1] 赛尼[2] 傅承新[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学生命科学与技术学院,上海200092 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院系统进化植物学与生物多样性实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《植物分类学报》2007年第1期52-68,共17页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(39870079;0170062);教育部高等学校博士点基金(20020335104)~~

摘　　要：在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下对菝葜科Smilacaceae3个属(菝葜属Smilax、肖菝葜属Heterosmilax和Ripogonum属)共53种5变种植物的种子形态及种皮微形态特征进行了研究。结果表明其种子形状为球形、半球形或钝三角形。在扫描电镜下种子表皮纹饰可分为7种类型,即脑纹型、粗脑纹型、网纹型、细网纹型、孔穴型、密孔穴型和细条纹型。根据种皮微形态的特征,对菝葜科内属间和属内组间的关系进行了探讨。种皮形态分析结果支持将Ripogonum属从菝葜科中分离、独立成科,支持将肖菝葜属与菝葜属合并的观点,这与孢粉学和分子证据的分析结果一致;推测肖菝葜属和菝葜属的土茯苓组sect.Coilanthus及草本组sect.Coprosmanthus的多数种类之间亲缘关系较近,菝葜组sect.China和圆锥组sect.Macranthae的大多数种类之间的亲缘关系较为密切,但种皮形态证据不支持Koyama将菝葜属分为6个组的观点。Macromorphology of seeds and micromorphology of the seed-coat in 53 species and 5 varieties belonging to three genera （Smilax, Heterosmilax and Ripogonum） of Smilacaceae were observed under the light microscope and the scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The seeds are spheroidal, hemispheroidal or trigonal-oblate in shape. Under SEM high diversity was found in seed-coat micromorphology. Based on ornamentation of epidermal cells of the seed-coat, seven morphological types can be distinguished, viz., roughly rugulate, rugulate, reticulate, fine reticulate, foveolate, dense foveolate, and fine striate. Discriptions of seed size, shape and seed-coat types are summarized for the family. Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of the seed-coat micromorphology are also discussed, in relation to the circumscription of traditional genera and sections of the family. Evidence from seed-coat micromorphological features supports placement of Ripogonum outside Smilacaceae and inclusion of Heterosmilax in Smilax, which are also consistent with palynological and molecular evidence. Within Smilax, seed-coat micromorphological features suggest close relationships between most of the species of sect. China and sect. Macranthae, and among sect. Coprosmanthus, sect. Coilanthus, and Heterosmilax. However, we found no support for the recognition of Koyama＇s six proposed sections of Smilax.

关 键 词：菝葜属 肖菝葜属 Ripogonum 微形态 扫描电镜 分类学 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学] Q949