反义类比构词中的语义不对应及其成因  

On Non-Correspondence in Antonymous Word-Formation by Analogy and Its Causes

作　　者：张博[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2007年第1期43-51,共9页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(项目批准号:02JAZJD740006);北京市教委共建项目(项目批准号:2004XK100320460)基金资助

摘　　要：反义类比构词在语素义、语素间的语义关系和词义三个层面上都存在一定程度的不对应。词义不对应与外在世界的不对称现象或客观事物的发展变化相关;语素义和语素间的语义关系不对应则来自“复合词意义的正反来源于正反义的语素分别与同义同语素的组合”这一语义关系范型的深刻影响。在其作用下,反义语素作为词义正反的决定因素受到格外注意,往往经由语义再认或赘挂羡余成分强制实现反义匹配,导致反义语素在词内的义位不对应或必要性不对应;词内语素间的关系则显得无关紧要而常被忽略,导致语素义的和谐度不对应或词的理据性强弱不对应。A word formed by analogy may not correspond closely with its antonym in terms of morpheme meanings, semantic relations among morphemes and word meanings. The non-correspondence of word meanings is due to the asymmetries in the external world or related to the development of objective things, while the non-correspondence of morpheme meanings and semantic relations among morphemes is influenced by the fact that the relevant antonymous compound words are formed by combining the same morpheme with two morphemes opposite to each other in meaning. Therfor researchers have directed of their attention to the antonymous morphemes which are decisive for the word meaning. Through recognition of the word meaning or addition of redundant morphemes, words with opposite meanings are matched, which, hoeever, causes the non-correspondence between antonymous morphemes in terms of essentiality to the whole word. The semantic relations among the morphemes within a word are often ignored, resulting in the non-correspondence between antonymous compound words either in terms of harmoniousness between morphemes or in terms of motivation.

关 键 词：反义词 类比构词 词义 语素义 不对应 

分 类 号：H146.1[语言文字—汉语]