两淮盐业中的垄断经营与手工生产者的困境  

The Monopoly Management And The Dilemma Of Salt Producer In The Liang Huai Salt Industry

作　　者：马俊亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史中心,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2007年第1期65-72,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2000年度重大项目"民国时期长江中下游乡村手工业经济研究"(05JJD770010);国家社会科学基金项目"从沃土到瘠壤:淮北地区社会生态变迁研究"(05BZS039)

摘　　要：清朝和民国前期,食盐手工业的生产受到政府的严密控制,并实行高度垄断的专商制度。直接从事食盐生产的灶丁、盐民,由于国家政策造成的超经济强制和身份制的限制,无法分润盐业的任何利益,无法接近核心权力或找到自己的利益代言人。尤为重要的是,这些手工业生产者无法通过发展生产来改善自己的境遇,任何时候他们都是当然的被牺牲者。与盐业相关各阶层的形成,不是基于同等机遇的社会同一起步线,而是基于与国家核心权力的亲疏远近的关系。与核心权力越接近的集团,分润的利益也就越多。The salt production was firmly controlled by the central governments in Qing dynasty and early Republican period. The real salt producers were not able to share any interest of salt because of super economic coerce and the limit of identity. They could not approach the decisive power and find out the representative to vindicate their own interests. The most importantly, they could not improve their living condition through enlarging production. They had always been the consequent victims in every period. The formation of various groups in salt industry based on the relations between a certain group and the central power; therefore, the salt interest distribution was determined by political power.

关 键 词：灶户 盐业 利益 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]