沿海十省(市)药品监管机构能力之比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Institutional Capacities of 10 Coastal Provincial Drug Administrations in China

作　　者：胡颖廉[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2007年第1期97-103,共7页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：中国发展研究基金会--发展研究奖学金资助项目(2006基培字第0101号)

摘　　要：在构建社会主义和谐社会的当代中国,药品的安全性和有效性正日益引起人们的关注,而药品监管机构能力的建设与评估也开始成为社会监管领域的重要问题。通过回顾国内外已有的对政府能力概念和要素的研究,借用Nelissen的潜在能力和现实能力理论,结合世界银行2003年《世界发展报告》中对机构现实能力的要素分析和“行政储备”理论对机构潜在能力的要素分析,构建起药品监管机构能力的结构模型,并提出一套评估的指标体系。对数据进行标准化处理后,通过统计排序对沿海十省(市)药品监管机构能力进行评估和比较,进而利用最小二乘法(OLS)建立回归模型,分析潜在能力中的财力和人力因素对现实能力的贡献率。研究发现:地区财力对监管机构现实能力的影响较之人力因素要大,这在理论和实践中都可以得到证实;各地药品监管机构的潜在能力与现实能力之间存在较大差异,就那些现实机构能力较低的地区而言,现阶段有必要把工作重点放在医药企业生产经营行为的监管和农村地区医药监管基础设施的建设上;而对于潜在机构能力较低的地区来说,从“专业化、程序化和独立性”等方面提升机构整体的人力资源是当务之急。Nowadays, in China's harmonious society context, the safety and effectiveness of drugs are of great concerned by more people, thus the cultivating and appraisal of institutional capacity of drug administrations are being turned to be the key issues in the field of social regulation. After reviewing the literatures of governmental capacity in domestic and aboard, the concepts of potential capacity and realized capacity by Nelissen are introduced to establish a structural model of institutional capacity of drug administrations as well as an appraisal index system with several indicators on the basis of World Development Report 2003 and 'administrative stock' theory. Then, 10 provincial drug administrations get their own potential and realized grades with a statistical analysis on standardized data, and the Ordinary Least Squared regression models are employed to figure out the contribution rate of both financial resources and human capital to realized capacity. Conclusions could be drawn as following: firstly, financial resources have greater influence on the realized capacity than human capital, explained by both theoretical and empirical approaches; secondly, the differences between potential and realized institutional capacities of a specific drug administration are much significant, so the pharmacy industry behavior regulation and regulatory infrastructure construction in rural area need emphasizing for those administrations with low-realized capacities; the last while not the least important, the areas with low-potential capacities should try their best to foster human capital from 'profession, process and independence' perspectives.

关 键 词：沿海十省(市) 药品监管机构 政府能力 评估 

分 类 号：R194[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]