现存蜉蝣翅基纵脉走向及愈合模式(昆虫纲:蜉蝣目)(英文)  

The bracing and fusing pattern of longitudinal veins at base in living mayflies (Insecta:Ephemeroptera)

作　　者：周长发[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学生命科学学院江苏省生物多样性与生物技术重点实验室,南京210097

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2007年第1期51-56,共6页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30130040 ,30570200 ,30300037) ;南京师范大学优秀高层次人才启动基金(2005104XGQ2B70)

摘　　要：有翅昆虫翅基纵脉的走向及愈合模式在系统发育重建中占有重要地位。然而,现存蜉蝣翅基纵脉的走向及愈合状况在大部分种类变化极大,无法推测其原始状况,只在极少数种类保留有部分可见残迹。中国拟短丝蜉Siphluriscuschinensis的翅基保留有独立的亚前缘脉弓、部分中脉M和肘脉Cu主干以及前中脉MA及径分脉Rs的走向痕迹。据此并结合红斑蜉Ephemerarufomaculata和大网脉蜉Chromarcysmagnifica翅基的相关特征,本文提出了蜉蝣目主要纵脉基部走向及愈合的基本模式,其要点有:中脉主干在基部与径脉主干独自发出后先接近或愈合后又分离、它们各自分成两支后的前中脉及径分脉又先愈合再分离、肘脉始终独立。这种中脉与径脉先接近或愈合后分离的模式非常接近新翅类的情况而与蜻蜓很不相同(在蜻蜓,中脉与肘脉在基部愈合)。亚前缘脉弓的作用相信是加强了因翅基骨板发达而相互远离的纵脉间的连结作用。这个假说也可以来解释蜻蜓复杂脉相的形成原因。The bracing and merging pattern of basal longitudinal veins plays an important role in phylogeny reconstruction within Pterygota. Unfortunately, the basal venation pattern of living mayflies has changed from the ancestral state in most species, but in very rare cases, the origins of some longitudinal vein bases are preserved and visible. The wing base of Siphluriscus chinensis has an independent subcostal brace, partial stem of the media, visible stem of the cubitus, and indications of the origins of MA and Rs. This kind of wing base plus those of Ephemera rufomaculata and Chromarcys magnifica show the venation groundplan of modern Ephemeroptera （stem of M parallel to or fused with R basally, MA and Rs fused together for certain distance then separate, Cu independent at base）. This pattern seems close to that of Neoptera while different from Odonata. In the latter, the M fused with Cu basally. The hypothesized function of subcostal brace in mayflies is to strengthen the connection between distantly separated longitudinal veins because of sclerite plate at radius vein base. This hypothesis also can be used to explain complicated and unique venation of dragonfly.

关 键 词：蜉蝣 蜻蜒 新翅类 翅 翅脉 系统发育 飞行 动力学 

分 类 号：Q969[生物学—昆虫学]