贵州龙洞和万家洞内部分环境因子与动物群落结构的相关性  

The Correlation of Partial Environmental Factors to Animal Community Structure in Longdong Cave and Wanjiadong Cave of Guizhou Province

作　　者：黎道洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与生物科学学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2007年第1期140-147,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No:30560024);贵州省省长基金项目(黔科教办[2005]14号)

摘　　要：分别在2005年的10月和2006年的2月赴遵义龙洞和万家洞对肉眼见到的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,在龙洞共获标本454号,隶属3门6纲13目20科29种或类群;在万家洞共获标本1726号,隶属3门7纲11目18科22种或类群。根据两洞内各光带中动物种类和数量组成不同,将其划分为6个动物群落,经群落多样性分析,物种丰富度、群落多样性、最大多样性、均匀度、优势度和相似性指数最高的分别是群落A(3.1932)、C(2.0788)、A(2.8332)、B(0.7828)、E(0.3789)和B-E(1.7854)。此外还研究了部分环境因子与群落多样性的相关性。结果显示,土壤中有机质的含量与群落多样性指数呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.828(双尾显著性检验≤0.05);空气中CO2的含量与物种数、物种丰富度指数、群落多样性指数、群落最大多样性指数和群落优势度指数都成不显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.160、-0.263、-0.072、-0.117和-0.031。由此证明土壤有机质的含量和空气中CO2的含量是影响洞穴动物群落变化的重要因子。The observation and collection of the mollusc, arthropod and ehordate visible to naked eye in Longdong cave and Wanjiadong cave of Zunyi City have been carried out in October 2005 and February 2006. 454 samples discovered in Longdong cave are subordinated to 3 phyla,6 classes, 13 orders,20 families,29 species or groups ; 1 726 samples, discovered in Wanjiadong cave, are subordinated to 3 phyla,7 classes, 11 orders, 18 families, 22 species or groups. 6 animal communities are divided according to the kinds and numbers of animals in the light belt of two caves. According to the analysis of community diversity and the richness index of species, the diversity, maximum diversity, evenness, dominance and similarity index of community are carried respectively by community A （3.193 2）, C （2.078 8）, A （2.833 2）, B （0.782 8）,E （0.378 9） and B-E （1.785 4）. Besides, the correlation of some environmental factors to community diversity is studied. The result shows that the content of organic matter in soil has an extremely distinctive correlation to diversity index of community, with the correlation figures of 0. 828, whose 2-tailed significant examines is at the ≤ 0.05 level. The content of CO2 in air has a slightly negative correlation to species, the richness index of species and the diversity, maximum diversity and evenness index of community, with the correlation figures of -0.160, -0.263, -0.072, -0.117 and -0.031 respectively, which proves that the content of organic matter in soll and the content of CO2 in air are the important elements influencing the connnnnity variation of cave animals.

关 键 词：环境因子 动物群落结构 龙洞 万家洞 贵州省 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]