陕西省农村50岁以上人群白内障和盲的患病率调查  

Prevalence of age related cataract and blindness in rural areas of Shaanxi province

作　　者：彭秧生 周爱意[2] 陈莉[3] 何媛[4] 任百超[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省博爱医院眼科,中国陕西省西安市710065 [2]西安交通大学第二医院眼科,中国陕西省西安市710004 [3]中国陕西省西安市第四医院眼科,710004 [4]中山大学中山眼科中心,中国广东省广州市520060

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2007年第1期220-223,共4页International Eye Science

基　　金：中国陕西省卫生厅资助项目(No.001225)~~

摘　　要：目的:调查陕西省农村50岁以上老年人群中白内障的患病率,并评价由白内障造成视力损伤的情况。方法:2003-07/12,采用整体随机分层抽样法在陕西省洋县、靖边县和富平县调查8500人,其中≥50岁人群2213人。所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查及详细的眼科检查。视力检查使用LogMAR视力表分别对每只眼进行测量,晶状体混浊使用国内标准在裂隙灯下进行评价。结果:1775人接受了检查,应答率为80.2%,50岁以上人群白障患病率为37.2%,男性白内障患病率为28.6%,女性白障患病率为44.3%,男性患病率低于女性(P<0.01),50岁人群白内障患病率为17.9%,70岁以上人群则上升到82.4%,白内障的患病率随着年龄增长而明显上升(P<0.01)。其中皮质性白内障患病率为34.5%,核性白内障为9.2%,后囊下白内障为6.7%。在1775名受检者中,20人在检查前实施了白内障手术。该人群中双眼盲和双眼低视力的患病率分别为2.1%和3.2%,由白内障造成的双眼盲、单眼盲、双眼低视力、单眼低视力分别占56.8%,68.8%,38.6%,73.8%。结论:调查结果表明白内障在陕西省农村还是一个比较严重的公众健康问题。白内障手术在农村地区实施的情况还很低。白内障是造成视力损伤的最主要原因。AIM： To estimate the prevalence of cataract, the prevalence of blindness and low vision, and the status of visual impairment caused by cataract in aged 50 years or older in rural areas of Shaanxi province, China. METHODS： Ouster sampling was used in randomly selected individuals aged 50 years or older in population of 8 500 from three counties of Shaanxi from July to December, 2003, and 1 775 of 2 213 （80.2%） eligible adults participated in the research. They underwent a complete eye examination, including assessment of presence and severity of lens opacification by slit lamp. The cataract operation status was also evaluated. RESULTS： The prevalence of cataract was 37.2% among adults aged 50 or above and increased with age. The prevalence was 44.3% in women, which was significantly higher than that 28.6% in men. Of all participants 34.5% had cortical opacities, 9.2% had nuclear opacities, and 6.7% had posterior subcapsular opacities. The prevalence of blindness and low vision was 2.1% and 3.2% in this population. Age related cataract accounted for 56.8% bilateral blindness, 68.8% of single blindness, 38.6% of bilateral low vision and 73.8% of single low vision. CONCLUSION： This comprehensive survey provides the first population-based estimate of the prevalence and of lens opacities and the status on low vision and blindness in Shaanxi province, China. The high rate of visual impairment from lens opacities suggests that programs that increase access to cataract surgery for rural population could help to reduce the burden of visual impairment in China.

关 键 词：盲 白内障 流行病学 

分 类 号：R776.1[医药卫生—眼科]