西安市2004年度4～6年级小学生动态眼屈光状况的横断面流行病学调查  

A cross-sectional study of dynamic refractive status urban school students of senior primary school in Xi'an city

作　　者：石一宁[1] 冯丹 杜晓琨[1] 孙欢[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国陕西省西安市中心医院眼科西安市中心医院视光学研究所,710003 [2]中国陕西省西安市蓝田县中医医院眼科,710500

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2007年第1期224-227,共4页International Eye Science

基　　金：西安市科技局社会发展基金资助项目(No.SF200319)~~

摘　　要：目的:对在校小学生眼健康状况中的动态屈光基本情况进行横断面调查,为青少年眼保健提供基础资料。方法:采用前瞻性调查设计,对4～6年级小学生953人1906眼动态屈光状态等指标进行采集,输入编辑的专项应用程序,用SPSS11.0软件行统计分析。结果:4～6年级小学生在正常动态情况下,近视眼的发病率为74.5%,其中57.9%的低度近视,15.0%的中度近视,1.6%的高度近视;正视眼仅占22.2%,尚有3.4%的远视眼;3个年级组各屈光构成比相比,正视和低度近视组仍为主要构成,但较初小的低度近视比重上升,导致在其他构成基本稳定的同时,近视检出率升高。4～6年级小平均屈光度(-1.67±1.67)D,其中3个年级平均屈光度为:小4(-1.46±1.57)D,小5(-1.74±1.73)D,小6(-1.82±1.68)D,组间有显著性差异。女生平均屈光度(-1.74±1.64)D,大于男生(-1.61±1.69)D,提示4～6年级阶段女生的近视进展趋势仍早于男生。右眼平均屈光度(-1.73±1.63)D大于左眼(-1.611.69)D。结论:4～6年级各年级小学生总体屈光状态呈近视化上升趋势,右眼、女生在4～6年级屈光近视化进展期早于左眼、男生。AIM： To determine the basic data of eyes＇ refractive status, especially the myopia prevalence rate in primary school students in Xi＇an city. METHODS： The cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of two primary schools in Xi＇an city. The objective ophthalmic examinations were done on all participants, induding non-cydoplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, ocular pressure, fundus evaluation by special trained ophthalmologists and nurses. The special designed form was filled in and input special computer program. Then the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS11.0 software. RESULTS： 1. In the senior primary school of 953 pupils with average age of 10-12 years old, the detected rate of myopia was 74.5%, induding low myopia 57.9%, moderate myopia 15.0%, high myopia 1.6%, emmetropia 22.2% and hypermetropia 3.4%. Among the 3 grades, the constituents of emmatropia and low myopia groups were still the main part, the latter higher than junior stage. 2. The average diopter of spherical equivalent refraction was （-1.67± 1.67）D. Among the 3 grades, the 4th grade＇ （-1.46± 1.57）D, the 5th grade＇ （-1.74± 1.73）D,the 6th grade＇ （-1.82± 1.68）D, there were significant differences. 3. The degree of myopia in girls （-1.74± 1.64）D and right eyes （-1.73± 1.63）D were significantly higher than in boys （-1.61± 1.69）D and left eyes （-1.61± 1.69）D respectively. CONCLUSION： The constituents of refractive status was definitely changed to be further myopicized during senior primary school, and the low myopia was the initiating proportion to accelerate myopia＇ progression, meanwhile the girls＇ and right eyes＇ progression are still earlier than the boys＇ and left eyes＇. It indicates that interventions of myopia progression performed as early as before 7, that is, at that stage we may retard the myopia progression and reduce the prevalence of myopia.

关 键 词：4~6年级小学生 动态屈光状态 等效球镜 近视眼患病率 流行病学 横断面调查 

分 类 号：G627.8[文化科学—教育学]