不同环境条件下玉米子粒淀粉含量的配合力效应及杂种优势分析  

Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis on Starch Concentration in Maize Kernals in Different Environments

作　　者：刘宗华[1] 王琳[1] 汤继华[1] 胡彦民[1] 谭晓军[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学郑州国家玉米改良分中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《玉米科学》2007年第1期11-15,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2001AA241051);国家农业结构调整重大技术专项(04-03-04B)

摘　　要：以选自不同杂优类群、淀粉含量不同的10个自交系为亲本,按照Griffing设计配成正反交90个组合,在河南3个地点随机区组试验。测定子粒淀粉含量,分析了基因型、地点及其互作对玉米子粒淀粉含量的影响,进行了配合力方差和杂种优势分析。结果表明:①地点与基因型之间差异均达极显著水平,地点×基因型的互作效应差异不显著。②亲本淀粉含量的一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)效应差异均达极显著水平,组合的淀粉含量以GCA效应为主;自交系郑58的淀粉含量和GCA效应均较高,是高淀粉育种的重要资源之一。③所用组合的淀粉含量均表现正向优势,平均中亲优势率4.24%,超高亲优势率1.64%。不同组合优势大小不一,变幅分别为0.31%～9.05%和-1.80%～6.24%;选自不同杂优类群的高淀粉自交系易配出高淀粉组合,亲本之一含量不宜过低。④母体效应对F2当代子粒淀粉含量无明显影响。Ninety reciprocal crosses were composed according to Griffing design using 10 inbreds with variance starch concentration selected from different heterotic groups, and treated under randomized block design at three locations in Henan.The kernel starch concentration was tested by using MARX-I type NIRS, and the effects of genotypes, locations and their interactions as well as combining ability were evaluated on maize starch in F2 kemals. The results showed that the highly significant differences had been found in different locations and genotypes but the location ~ genotype interactions,respectively. The significant differences in starch content of GCA and SCA effects existed among parents, and the GCA effect was mainly on starch content. The inbred Zheng58, with high starch content and high GCA effect, was one of important resource in high starch breeding. Positive heterosis appeared among all used crosses, the mid-parents heterosis and over-high-parent heterosis were 4.24% and 1.64% respectively,but varied with crosses ranged from 0.31% - 9.05% and -1.80% - 6.24% respectively. Inbreeds from different heterosis groups with high starch had more probability to compose high starch crosses, and one of the parents should not be too low starch line. Maternal effect had nothing important to starch concentration in F2 kemals.

关 键 词：玉米 淀粉 配合力效应 杂种优势 环境 

分 类 号：S513.033[农业科学—作物学]