“传奉官”与明成化时代  

Officials Appointed by Imperial Decrees and the Chenghua Period in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：方志远[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史系,教授330022

出　　处：《历史研究》2007年第1期41-62,共22页Historical Research

摘　　要：“传奉官”始见于明成化初,泛滥于成化末,延续于弘治、正德间,最多时达四千余人,形成一个庞大的社会阶层。传奉官现象以不合理乃至荒诞的方式反映了社会的某些合理需求,其发生以及由此导致的社会需求和价值观念的变化,加速了成化时代开始的由讲究节俭到追求奢靡、由政府控制到个性发展、由“严肃冷酷”到“自由奔放”的明代社会的转型。虽然传奉官在嘉靖初被废止,其带来的社会需求和价值观念的变化却被普遍接受。The first ease of an official being appointed by imperial decree occurred in the early days of the Chenghua period(1464-1486)in the Ming Dynasty.The practice became common by the end of the period and lasted into the Hongzhi(1487-1504)and Zhengde(1505-1520)periods. There were over 4000 officials appointed in this way at the height of this practice,leading to the formation of a new social class.The practice caused changes in social demands and values.It reflected some reasonable social demands in an unreasonable,even absurd,way,and acted as a catalyst for the social transformation of the Ming Dynasty from a frugal society to a luxury- seeking one,from government regulation to individual development,and from severity and gravity to levity and lack of restraint.Despite the fact that the practice was banned in the early Jiajing period(1521-1566),the changes in social needs and values brought about by the practice became widely accepted.

关 键 词：传奉官 成化时代 明代社会 

分 类 号：K248.2[历史地理—历史学]