流化床生物滤器去除养鱼循环水中氨和亚硝酸盐的研究  

Ammonia and Nitrite Removal by the Fluidized Bed Biofilter in a Recirculation Water Culture Fish System

作　　者：战培荣[1] 刘伟[1] 曹广斌[1] 卢玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2007年第1期81-87,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：农业部重点科研项目(渔B96090305)

摘　　要：采用自行设计制造的用于养鱼生产的流化床生物滤器及其配套设施,使用自行研制的对鱼有益、防病的生物技术产品固定化细胞(ImmobilizephotosyntheticbacteriaIMPSB),选择培养硝化细菌,研究了其在去除养鱼循环水中氨和亚硝酸盐的作用。结果表明,流化床生物滤器的单元水处理能力为30～50t·h-1。流化床生物滤器与固定床生物滤器比较,流化床生物滤器的硝化率和过流率为同等条件下固定床生物滤器3倍。该系统养鱼可节水85%～90%,减少建设费用和占地面积。其载鱼量为25±2kg·m-3时,流化床生物滤器进水氨氮浓度为1.3mg·L-1,亚硝酸态氮为0.068mg·L-1,出水中氨氮浓度为0.20mg·L-1,亚硝酸态氮浓度为0.024mg·L-1,鱼类生长正常,氨氮去除率为80%～95%,亚硝酸态氮去除率为65%以上。A closed recirculating water fish culture system can save water resource, keep water temperature and prevent outside pollution. But the fish culture density in a rccirculation water system was limited by the accumulation of toxic ammonia and nitrite. Water reuse systems facilitate fish culture densities by employing biofiher to remove ammonia and nitrite and a continuous flow of recirculating water to bring oxygen to the fish. In order to decrease the cost and improve the fish production per unit water, a new method of water treatment having a good result of purification and a high loading rate needs to be developed. The fluidized bed biofiher technology combines the best features of both trickling filters and activated sludge suspended growth system. The media materials become suspended in upflow water currents through the biofiher. Fluidized bed biofiher can reduce the clogging that often occurs in submerged fixed bed biofilter. So, high-rate nitrification in a fluidized bed biofiher and rccirculating water fish culture system is designed for industrial application scale, with the optimized parameters. The unit of fluidized bed biofilter can remove 30-50 m^3 water per hour. The natural porosint, cheaper, facile fluidized media materials were selected. Compared with fix bed biofilter at same conditions, the nitrification and hydraulic loading rate of fluidized bed biofiher is as three times as those of fix bed biofilter. The biofilm is observed and analyzed by electron microscope and the technology of bacterial separation and cultivation. Biotechnology production, immobilized photosynthetic bacteria, is used in fish culturing and preventing disease. Nitrobacter is selectively reared and dividing unit is designed to be helpful for ammonization and nitrification raising purification rate of water in fluidized bed biofilter. The closed recirculating water fish culture system using fluidized bed biofiher can improve treatment efficiency and cut costs. The capital investment required to construct a fluidized bed biof

关 键 词：流化床生物滤器 氨 亚硝酸盐 循环水养鱼 鲤 虹鳟 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]