西南岩溶山区分散供水水污染特征  

A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE POLLUTION OF DISPERSED WATER SUPPLY IN SOUTHWEST KARST AREA

作　　者：邹胜章[1] 李兆林[1] 陈宏峰[1] 梁彬[1] 夏日元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2007年第2期240-244,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国土资源部地调项目(200310400043);国家科技部攻关项目(2002BA901A13)共同资助

摘　　要：西南岩溶山区分散供水在一定程度上缓解了人畜饮水矛盾,但分散供水水质都存在不同程度的污染。通过对西南岩溶山区三种主要的分散供水模式供水水质的调查、监测与分析,认为分散供水水质的污染由两部分组成:水源水污染与供水水污染;水源水污染源属于面状污染,供水水污染属于点状污染。分散供水水污染类型主要有生物型污染(肉眼可见物以及不可见微生物)、物理型污染(色度、浊度)以及化学型污染(pH值呈碱性以及生活垃圾、粪便引起的离子浓度异常),并以生物污染为主。污染途径主要有降雨过程污染、径流过程污染(地表、地下径流以及引水过程)和储蓄利用过程污染。最后,针对岩溶山区分散供水特点,给出了相应的水处理方法。Although the dispersed water supply has solved the problem of domestic use water and drinking water for livestock to a certain extent in karst area of southwest China, the water pollution occurs widely. Through investigation, monitoring and synthetic analysis of water quality of three primary dispersed water supply, it is considered that the water pollution is composed of recharging water pollution and supplying water pollution, belonging to pollution over a plane and dot shaped pollution separately. There are three types of pollution： the main one is bio-pollution such as visible matter and invisible microorganims, the second is physical pollution such as high chromaticity and turbidity, and the last is chemical pollution such as high pH value （〉8.5） and exceptional ion concentration resulted from refuse and excrement. There are three main contaminative approaches also-they are pollution during rainfall, pollution during runoff containing surface runoff, underground runoff and water transferring, and pollution during water storage and utilization. Finally, countermeasures for water treatment are suggested based on the status of water pollution in dispersed water supply.

关 键 词：岩溶区 分散供水 污染 水窖 水柜 溶井 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]