长江口及邻近海域有毒藻类和赤潮毒素的本底调查  

A BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION OF TOXIC ALGAE AND BIO-TOXIN IN THE YANGTZE ESTUARY

作　　者：王金辉[1] 秦玉涛[2] 刘材材[2] 孙亚伟[2] 程祥圣[2] 徐韧[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境工程与科学学院,上海200240 [2]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海200137

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2007年第1期52-61,共10页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2001CB409707);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(200434);2005年度上海市财政项目

摘　　要：2004年～2005年在长江口及邻近海域曾发生有毒赤潮13起,约占赤潮总数的15%,引发赤潮的有毒赤潮生物包括链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)、红色裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sanguineum)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和环状异甲藻(Heterocapsa circularisquama),其中曾造成严重危害的有米氏凯伦藻和环状异甲藻。通过连续2年的四季本底调查结果表明,该海域存在多种有毒藻类,主要包括产麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的链状亚历山大藻、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense),产腹泻性贝毒(DSP)的具尾鳍藻(Dinophysis caudata)、倒卵形鳍藻(Dinophysis fortii);产记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)的尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-Nitzschia pungens)、多列拟菱形藻(Pseudo-Nitzschia multiseries)和多纹拟菱形藻(Pseudo-Nitzschia multistriata);其它有毒有害藻类包括红色裸甲藻、环状异甲藻、米氏凯伦藻等。有毒藻类种类5、6月份较多,产腹泻性贝毒(DSP)和产记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)的有毒藻类常年均在该海域出现,这些有毒有害藻类多数密度并不高。与有毒藻类监测同步开展了赤潮毒素检测,长江口贝类赤潮毒素检出时段主要集中在5～6和8～9月份,PSP和DSP检出率分别在5%和12%左右,敏感种类为养殖的紫贻贝,未检出记忆缺失性贝毒。针对目前赤潮的危害中由有毒藻类和赤潮毒素造成的危害较大,建议在长江口贝类养殖海域开展的有毒藻类监测计划,以确保贝类水产品食用安全。There are 13 toxic HABs in the Changjiang estuary and nearby sea areas during 2004 and 2005, the causing species include Alexandrium catenella, Gymnodinium sanguineum, kerina mikirnotoi and Heterocapsa circularisquama, in which kerina mikirnotoi and Heterocapsa circularisquama had caused a great deal of harm to aquaculture in 2005. According to the seasonl investigation in the Yangtze estuary during 2004 and 2005, there are 10 toxic algae including PSP causing algae （Alexandriurn catenella, Alexandriurn tarnatens）, DSP causing algae （Dinophysis caudata, Dinophysis forti ）, NSP causing algae （Pseudo-Nitzschia pungens , Pseudo-Nitzschia rnultiseries , Pseudo-Nitzschia rnultistriata ）, and other toxic algae （Gymnodiniurn sangiurn, kerina mikirnotoi, Heterocapsa circularisquama）. The species number and abundance of toxic algae are relatively high during Spring and Summer than the other seasons, which is consistent with the contents of PSP and DSP in mollusks in Shenshan. A monitoring scheme of toxic algae and bio-toxin is put forward based on the existing problems due to the harm of red tides caused by toxic algae.

关 键 词：长江口 有毒藻类 赤潮毒素 

分 类 号：S944.349[农业科学—水产养殖]