科学结论的逻辑问题——科学研究规律探讨之四  

LOGIC OF SCIENTIFIC CONCLUSION

作　　者：陈洪[1] 孙宝国[2] 李雨民[3] 杜毅 

机构地区：[1]美国杜克大学,美国nc27708 [2]北京工商大学,北京100037 [3]中国医学科学院放射医学所,天津300192 [4]上海凯信生物科技有限公司,上海201809

出　　处：《北京工商大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第2期52-55,共4页Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：讨论了科学研究的成果——科学结论的逻辑问题,因为从特定的事例归纳到普遍的规律存在着“归纳逻辑谬误”,所以,在科学研究中特别要注意科学结论外推的局限性.介绍了波普的关于科学结论的证实和证伪的观点:科学本质上是一系列命题的集合,现实世界的综合命题本体,至少在原理上可以用经验的观察来证伪,这就是科学,科学不是以它的学科内容或声称掌握某种知识的确定性为特征,而是以建立和检验命题的方法为特征的.最后,讨论了科学结论的解释功能和预言功能.Logic of scientific conclusion is discussed in the paper： there is a limitation of extension of a scientific conclusion since there is a ＂falsehood of inductive logic＂ from the special objects to a common law. Popper＇s view of point about confirmation and falsificationism in scientific conclusions is told： the nature of science is an assemble of a serious of propositions. The propositions themselves, at least in principle, could be falsified by observation of the experiences. The science is with a character to set up and to test the propositions, but the scientific contents or knowledge. Finally, the function of explanation and forecast of scientific conclusion is also discussed.

关 键 词：逻辑 证实 证伪 科学结论 

分 类 号：G304[文化科学]