鸣禽和无尾两栖类控制发声核团及神经通路的比较研究  

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONTROLLING VOCALIZATION NUCLEI, NEURAL PATHWAY IN SONGBIRD AND ANURA AMPHIBIA

作　　者：曾庆华[1,2,3] 金善学[1,2,3] 刘丽梅[1,2,3] 蓝书成[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学生物学系 [2]西安第四军医大学 [3]哈尔滨农学院

出　　处：《解剖学报》1996年第4期395-399,T011,共6页Acta Anatomica Sinica

摘　　要：为从种系进化角度对鸣禽和无尾两栖类控制发声的核团和神经通路作比较研究，用ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪的方法，对锡嘴雀（Ｃｏｃｃｏｔｈｒａｕｓｔｅｓ）和蛙（Ｒａｎａｍｉｇｒｏｍａｌａｔａ，Ｒａｎａｃｈｅｎｓｉｎｅｎｅｎｉｓｉｓ）、蟾蜍（Ｂｕｆｏｇａｒｇａｒｉｚａｎｓ）控制发声的神经核团及神经通路，从外周至中枢逐级进行了追踪比较研究。结果表明：１．鸣禽锡嘴雀中间核（ＩＭ）是鸣禽延髓中支配发声的重要初级运动神经核团，它分别直接受双侧前脑古纹状体腹内侧栎核（ＲＡ）和同侧中脑背内侧核（ＤＭ）的支配。ＩＭ又发出舌下神经（ＮＸＩＩ）经气管鸣管分支（ＮＸＩＩｔｓ）支配鸣肌。鸣禽控制发声的核团及神经通路具有明显的左侧优势。２．无尾两栖类蛙、蟾蜍舌咽－迷走运动核（ｎＩＸ－Ｘ）是无尾两栖类延脑中支配发声的重要初级神经核团，它分别接受以同侧为主的延髓下网状核（Ｒｉ）和前三叉神经核（ＤＴＡＭ）的支配。ｎＩＸ－Ｘ也发出侧支纤维投射到ＤＴＡＭ，在低位脑干形成短反馈环路。ｎＩＸ－Ｘ又发出迷走神经（ＮＸ）经长喉神经和短喉神经支配喉肌。rom evolving aspect controlling vocal nuclei, neural pathway in songbird (coccothraustes) coccothraustes and anura amphibia (Rana nigromalata, Rana chensinensis, bufo gargarizans) were studied comparatively by horseradish perodase (HRP) transport method from peripheral nerve to centre. The result indicates: 1. Songbird hawfinch controls vocal nuclei and neural pathway: Nucleus intermedium (IM) is an important elementary motor nucleus of controlling vocalization in medulla. IM receives directly innervating of both side nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA), and ipsilateral nucleus dorsalis medialis (DM). IM also sends hypoglossal nerve (NXII) by tracheosyringeal (NXIIts) and innervats m.syringeus. The evident left dominance appears at controlling vocal nuclei, pathway in songbird. 2. Anura amphibia (Rana nigromalata, Rana chensinensis, bufo gargarizans) controls vocal nuclei and neural pathway: The motor nucleus of cranial nerves (nIX X) is an important elementary nucleus of controlling vocalization in medulla. nIX X receives directly innervating of nucleus reticularis inferior (Ri) and pretrigeminal nucleus of the dorsal tegental area of the medulla (DTAM), the innervating is main ipsilateral. nIX X also sends fiber projecting to DTAM and forms short foodback ring in lower brainstem, nIX X sends again vagus nerve (NX) by long laryngeal nerve, short laryngeal nerve and innervates laryngeal muscularity. The left dominance does not appear at controlling vocal nuclei, pathway in anura amphibia.

关 键 词：发声核团 神经通路 HRP 鸣禽 无尾两栖类 

分 类 号：Q954.52[生物学—动物学] Q959.704