西藏青稞籽粒燕麦镰刀菌生物学特性研究  

Biological characteristics of Fusarium avenaceum isolated from Tibet highland barley kernels

作　　者：龚弘强[1] 黄丽丽[1] 乔宏萍[1] 高小宁[1] 康振生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第2期21-25,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：教育部"长江学者和创新团队"发展计划项目(200558);国家基金委"国家杰出青年基金"(30125031);教育部重点项目(03158)

摘　　要：以西藏青稞籽粒中分离到的燕麦镰孢(Fusarium avenaceum)Hb39分离株为对象,研究了温度、湿度、pH、光照、营养对其菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,以便为进一步研究由燕麦镰孢引起的青稞病害发生规律、防治方法奠定基础,并为研究由此引致的人类疾病提供理论依据。该菌株在供试的10种不同固体、液体培养基上均能生长,但菌丝生长速度和生长量均有很大差异,PDBA、PDA、PSA培养基有利于该菌的生长,而HA、CMA和WA不利于该菌的生长。比较不同碳、氮源对菌丝生长的影响,发现该菌能利用多种单糖、多糖及可溶性淀粉作碳源,其中葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖较好;能利用蛋白胨等有机氮和硝酸钠等无机氮作氮源,其中蛋白胨最好。该菌最适生长温度为25℃,生长的温度范围为5～30℃。菌丝生长最适pH为6,也能在pH 3～12的范围内生长。连续光照不利于菌丝的生长,而光暗交替或黑暗条件下菌落生长无显著性差异。大型分生孢子萌发的温湿度范围分别为10～30℃、RH 85%～100%,pH值3～12,最适萌发条件为25℃、RH 100%和pH 6。该菌株的致死温度为45℃10 min。Fusarium avenaceum causes not only highland barley diseases and yield decrease, but also human diseases, such as Kaschin-Beck disease, Keshan disease. The effects of temperature, pH, light, nutrition and moisture on the mycelia growth and conidial germination of F. avenaceum Hb39 isolated from Tibet highland barley kernels were studied. Hb39 isolate could grow on 10 different kinds of media. PDBA, PDA, PSA were favorable for its mycelium growth. Monosaccharides, polysaccharides and soluble starch were all utilized as carbon sources, in which glucose, saccharose and maltose were better than the others. Both organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were utilized as nitrogen sources, in which peptone was the best one. The fungus could grow under 5～30℃ ,pH 3～12, with optimal condition at 25℃, pH 6. The fungus growth was inhibited under 24 h/d lighting. The conidia could germinate at 10～30℃, RH 85% ～100% and pH 3～12, with the optimal condition at 25℃, RH100%, and pH 6. The lethal temperature of the fungus was 45℃ for 10 min.

关 键 词：青稞 燕麦镰孢 生物学特性 西藏 

分 类 号：S435.121[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]