硝酸脲与黑索今混合炸药的制备及性能研究  

Preparation and Characteristics of Mixture Explosive of Urea Nitrate and RDX

作　　者：周润强[1] 曹端林[1] 王建龙[1] 李永祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中北大学化工与环境学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《含能材料》2007年第2期109-111,共3页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：为解决黑索今（RDX）生产工厂的废硝酸再利用问题，在RDX生产过程中不分离出RDX，而是直接加入一定量尿素水溶液，废硝酸与尿素反应生成硝酸脲后，使RDX和硝酸脲共同结晶，生成RDX与硝酸脲共结晶的混合炸药。得到两大类型的混合炸药：Ⅰ型混合炸药（含RDX 10％～20％）的综合爆炸性能优于现有的铵梯、乳化及粉状工业炸药；Ⅱ型混合炸药（含RDX40％）的爆炸性能与TNT相当。该混合炸药的制造工艺简单，RDX生产过程的废酸污染问题得到了改善。Two kinds of mixture explosive containing 10% -20% RDX and 40% RDX respectively were prepared by cocrystallization of RDX and urea nitrate obtained with the reaction of the urea and waste nitric acid in RDX plants. The properties of tWO explosive were measured. Results show that the explosion properties of explosive containing 10% -20% RDX excel those of nitrolite,emulsive and mealiness explosive, and the explosion properties of explosive containing 40% RDX are same as those of TNT. The cocrystallization technology of the explosive is simple and green.

关 键 词：有机化学 黑索今(RDX) 废硝酸 硝酸脲 代用炸药 

分 类 号：TQ564[化学工程—炸药化工]