一个走向区域分化的国家:美国持续性贫困的基础  

One Nation, Pulling apart: the Basis of Persistent Poverty in the USA

作　　者：Amy K.Glasmeier 邱少俊[2] 陈果[1] 

机构地区：[1]美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学地理系 [2]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院城市与区域规划系

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2007年第2期3-12,共10页Urban Planning International

摘　　要：美国的贫困现象在整个20世纪持续增长。贫困曾经仅限于移民、妇女和儿童,但是到了1930年代,贫困和国家的地理发展变迁产生了联系。历史上,扶贫政策强调个人在贫困问题上的道德义务,却忽略了其地理性和结构性渊源。1960年代,美国政府曾经试图找出贫困的根源,但采取的手段软弱无力,并因1980年代的经济危机和政策不断趋于保守而宣告失败。截止至1997年,美国有超过700个县面临着经济不景气。很少有新的提议被提出以解决这个几十年来的难题。Poverty in America has grown persistently throughout the twentieth century. Once a condition confined to immigrants, women and children, by the 1930s poverty became tied to the geographic development of the nation. Historically, poverty policy has emphasized individual moral responsibility while ignoring its geographic and structural origins. A weak attempt to address the deeper origins of poverty in the 1960s imploded with the economic crisis of the 1980s and the slide into conservative politics. By 1997 more than 700 counties in the USA were in economic distress. Few new initiatives have been offered to resolve this decades-old problem.

关 键 词：贫困 道德 地理 种族 政策 持续性 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济]