五氯苯酚的降解研究进展  

On the research advances in China for degradating pentachlorophenol

作　　者：李梦耀[1] 黎卫亮[1] 钱会[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,西安710054

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2007年第2期32-35,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"水溶液平衡化学模拟及其水文地球化学应用研究"(40372114)

摘　　要：综述了近年来我国在五氯苯酚(PCP)降解研究中取得的进展,并对五氯苯酚的化学与生物降解法进行了评述。在化学降解法中着重讨论了光催化降解和辐射降解,对比了常用光催化技术(UV,UV/H2O2,UV/H2O2/Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ),UV/TiO2)和辐射技术对PCP的降解效率及其影响因素,分析了其降解产物和降解机理。化学降解主要为自由基氧化降解,五氯苯酚在HO.、.O2-等自由基作用下,逐步脱氯生成多酚或醌,然后开环矿化。在微生物降解法中,综述了降解PCP微生物的筛选,论述了PCP在好氧和厌氧条件下的降解过程。五氯苯酚的生物降解路径为好氧条件下,五氯苯酚在氢氧化酶作用下,被氧化生成氯代醌,并逐步脱去所有的氯原子,生成苯酚后开环;在厌氧和缺氧条件下,五氯苯酚还原脱氯,在得到电子的同时,脱掉一个氯取代基,最终矿化为CH4和CO2。PCP的降解研究对讨论其在环境中的迁移、转化以及含酚废水的处理具有重要意义。The present paper is aimed at giving an introductory review of the recent advances in the pentachlorophenol treatment. As is known, pentachlorophenol is one of the organic pollutants （POPs） with hamful properties of being toxic, semi-volatile, bio-accumulative as well as persistent in the environment and human bodies. It is just for the above reasons and some others not mentioned here, it is of great significance to study how to better degrade the contamination and pollution it has brought and would bring to the environmental contamination. For the given research purpose, this paper has made a review over the great advances in recent years in treating pentachloropbenol in China. So far as we know, chemical and biological methods have rather widely been used in PCP degradation. However, photocatalyst and electronic irradiation methods have mainly been adopted for the chemical degradation. In addition, the paper have also made careful comparisons among several photocatalyst treating technologies, including UV, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe （Ⅱ/Ⅲ）, UV/TiO2 and the merits and demerits from the point of view of the different methods＇ efficiency, influencing factors, intermediates and reaction mechanism. The chemical degradation mechanism lies in the free radical oxidation and chlorine replacement with hydroxyl and PCP by transforming polyphenol or quinone, then opening the rings and finally mineralizing them. Last of all, discussion has been also extended to the screening of microbes, degradation paths and mechanism with PCP biodegradation. Under aerobic conditions, PCP starts by hydrolytic para-hydroxylation, and then yielding chlorinated para-hy- droquinone. As a matter of fact, the anaerobic biodegradation of PCP occurs by reductive dechlorination, a process by which chlorine can be replaced with hydrogen and part of intermediate being finally transformed into CH4 and CO2.

关 键 词：环境化学 五氯苯酚 降解 评述 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学]