宋代“武科”考论  

On the "Wuke" exams in Song dynasty

作　　者：李英[1] 杨爱华[1] 刘红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华大学体育系,四川成都610039

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2007年第2期60-62,74,共4页Journal of Shandong Sport University

摘　　要：从体育文化角度对宋代科考“武科”的历史沿革、考选内容、体育文化价值和弊端等进行系统研究。“武科”又称“武举”,宋承唐制,宋仁宗天圣七年(公元1029年)正式设立。考试内容以骑射弓马为主,内场有策论(诸家兵法)。“武科”有助于宋朝社会“尚武”风气的形成,为国家遴选优秀的军事体育人才提供了方便,促进了宋代民族传统体育的形成和发展。宋朝300年间,“武科”虽受到历代君王的重视和支持,历经77榜却未选拔出一位名将,存在“武科”标准以文为主和拘于制度化运作等弊端。Systematic study has been made on the historic development, exam content, sports value and drawbacks of Wuke exam in Song dynasty from the point of view of sports education. The results show that Wuke exam, also called Wuju, set by Song Renzhong in the year of 1029, passed to Song dynasty from Tang dynasty. The exam content consists of arrow art, horse riding as the main and martial strategy. Wuke exam helps to form the trend of practicing sports, strengthen the health condition of the nation and prepare the election for soldiers. It enhances the foundation and development of traditional ethnic sports. Though it has been paid attention and supported by the governors, it hasn＇ t brought out one general from the 77 Wuke exams during its 300 years of government, which shows its drawbacks of systematic management and literal content.

关 键 词：体育文化 武科 资格 科目 宋代 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]