断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭  

Analysis of hydrocarbon migration through the fault based on the interior structure of fault zone

作　　者：高君[1,2] 吕延防[1] 田庆丰[3] 

机构地区：[1]大庆石油学院地球科学学院 [2]大庆石油管理局钻探集团物探公司,黑龙江大庆163357 [3]辽河石油职业技术学院

出　　处：《大庆石油学院学报》2007年第2期4-7,122,共4页Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute

基　　金：国家"973"重点科技攻关项目(2001CB20914)

摘　　要：通过野外观察认为断裂带内部结构具有分带性,主要包括破碎带和诱导裂缝带2部分,破碎带以发育有黏结力断层岩和无黏结力断层岩为特征.通过断裂静止期各带物性特征和断裂形成演化过程研究认为,油气沿断裂运移存在3种类型的通道,油气沿断裂运移的通道是变化的,沿每种类型通道运移的机制、动力、持续的时间、运移速度和效率都是不同的,基本划分为3个阶段断裂活动时期油气在“地震泵”抽吸的作用下,以管道流形式沿优势裂隙快速运移,是断裂输导油气效率最高的阶段;断裂停止活动后到诱导裂缝充填前,油气沿诱导裂缝以浮力流或管道流形式运移,是断裂输导油气效率较高的阶段;诱导裂缝充填后,油气沿无黏结力断层岩带以渗流形式缓慢运移的阶段,是断裂输导油气效率较低的阶段.油气沿这3种通道运移并非同时并存,而是连续发生的过程.因此,从运移角度看,只有活动期形成的通道和静止期都封闭,断裂才是封闭的.The field-geology survey shows that the fault interior structure includes mainly two parts: breakage zone and induced fracture zone. Breakage zone is of the cohesive and uncohesive fault rock. Through studying its physical properties and process of formation and evolution, we may arrive at a conclusion that there are three types of migration pathways in fault zone: the preponderant fracture formed in motion , induced fracture network and pore system of uncohesive fault rock zone. According to this migration through fault is divided into three phases: The first phase is the fastest and most efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the preponderant fracture in piping fluid under the drive of “seismic plumping” when fault is motive; The second phase is the faster and more efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the induced fracture network, because fractures are liable to be crammed, the period from fault motionless to fracture seal is very short. Once the fractures are crammed, hydrocarbon only migrates through pore system of uncohesive fault rock zone, this phase is low-efficient. Hydrocarbon can migrate through three pathways synchronously and continuously. From this a fault is really sealed when the three types of migration pathways are sealed.

关 键 词：断裂带 内部结构 流体运移 断层封闭性 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]