新工人接触棉尘初期气道反应性的改变  

Study on respiratory responsiveness of new workers after exposure to cotton dust

作　　者：马庆晏[1] 李德鸿[1] 孙仁林[1] 周晓燕[1] 陈巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生与职业病研究所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》1997年第1期7-9,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：为研究棉尘病发病机制，对１６３名棉纺厂新工人，于接尘１０周前、后分别进行氯化乙烯甲胆碱支气管激发试验；同时测定车间空气中可吸入性棉尘浓度。结果表明：各组工人在入厂后激发试验ＦＥＶ１下降值均大于入厂前，其中吸烟者的下降程度大于不吸烟者。未观察到剂量－反应关系。暴露后ＦＥＶ１下降率大于５％、小于１０％者９人（５．５２％），大于１０％、小于２０％者７人（４．２９％），大于２０％者３人（１．８４％）；且以特异体质者较多，尤其是在１０％～２０％这一水平，高达６人（１８．７５％），而非特异体质者仅１人（０．７７％）。提示：暴露后工人气道反应性增强与棉尘、吸烟。Respiratory responsiveness was measured by methacholine chloride bronchial provocation test in 163 new cotton workers before and after 10 weeks exposure to cotton dust. Inhalable dust samples were collected with vertical elutriators at different workplaces.Greater values of FEV 1 decrease occurred in all the subjects after exposure than before, and even more remarkable in smokers than in non smokers. After exposure, 9(5.52%) subjects showed FEV 1 decline by 5%￣10%, 7(4.29%) by 10%￣20% and 3(1.84%) by more than 20%. The ratios were greater in the subjects with positive skin test than those of negative ones, particularly at the level of 10%￣20%. It is suggested that exposure to cotton dust,smoking and atopy all contribute to the increased respiratory responsiveness, though no dose respose relationship can be well established.

关 键 词：棉尘 新工人 气道反应性 吸烟 特异体质 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R363.16[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]