伊犁河谷春秋草场草地生态调查及其恢复对策  

Ecological investigation and restoration strategies of spring- and autumn pastures in Yili River valley

作　　者：周斌[1] 乔木[1] 冯缨[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2007年第4期528-532,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30470329);新疆维吾尔自治区计委伊犁林业科技生态示范资助项目

摘　　要：针对新疆伊犁河谷春秋草场严重退化的现状,通过对退化草场、围栏封育并实施灌溉的草场、单纯围栏的草场和灌溉但不封牧草场样方的对比调查,从地表植物的生物量、植物种类、优质牧草所占比例和草地植物多样性指数等的变化规律和特征方面,探讨了伊犁河谷地区春秋草场退化的原因和恢复措施。结果表明:适当灌溉后草地生物量为1540.5g.m-2,远高于不灌溉的草地(生物量为188.13g.m-2),表明干旱是本区草地植被生长一个重要制约因素;而仅改变草地的水分条件,在超载率达123%的大环境下,草场中优质牧草的比例由封育的62.38%下降到未封育的2.08%。因此,适度放牧并辅以灌溉措施是本区天然草场恢复的2个必要条件。Aimed at the severe degradation of spring- and autumn pastures in Yili River valley, an investigation was made on these pastures under different managements （fencing, irrigating, and fencing and irrigating ）, and their degradation causes and restoration strategies were dis, cussed from the aspects of plant biomass, species composition, biodiversity, and proportion of high quality grass. The results showed that the plant biomass on the pastures under proper irrigation was 1 540. 5 g · m^-2, while that without irrigation was 188. 13 g · m^-2, indicating that drought was an important factor limiting the vegetation growth. However, it was not enough to only improve the water condition of the pastures under over-grazing. With an overloading rate of 123%, the proportion of high quality grass on the pastures under irrigation decreased from 62. 38% with fencing to 2.08% without fencing. Therefore, moderate grazing supplemented with irrigation could be the prerequisite for the effective restoration of natural pasture in Yili River valley.

关 键 词：退化草地 春秋草场 草地生态 恢复对策 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]