S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的研究进展  

Advance on the Study of S-adenosyl-L-methionine

作　　者：汤亚杰[1] 李艳[1] 李冬生[1] 李红梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学生物工程学院湖北省工业微生物重点实验室,武汉430068

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2007年第2期76-81,共6页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：人事部留学人员科技活动择优资助优秀奖项目;教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金;湖北省"楚天学者"奖励计划;湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划(T200608);湖北省自然科学基金青年杰出人才项目(2006ABB034);武汉市青年科技晨光计划(20065004116-31);湖北工业大学科学技术基金重大项目(306.18002)

摘　　要：S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)是甲硫氨酸和三磷酸腺苷相结合的代谢物,广泛存在于动植物和微生物体内,参与40多种生化反应,主要作为三种代谢途径(转甲基、转硫基、转氨丙基)的前体,临床上被广泛用于治疗肝病、抑郁症、关节炎等。SAM的制备方法主要有化学合成法、酶促合成法、发酵法三种。化学合成的SAM是消旋体,需进行光学拆分,且存在产率低、原料L-高半胱氨酸价格昂贵和环境污染等问题。酶促合成法合成的SAM纯度高,但原料ATP成本太高。发酵法已成为目前生产SAM最常用的方法,欧洲利用发酵法生产SAM已实现了产业化,但国内的起步较晚,目前还处于实验室研究阶段。因此,应加强发酵法生产SAM的产业化关键技术研究。S-adenosyl-L-methionine （SAM）,a metabolite present in all living cells,plays a central role in cellular biochemistry as a precursor to methylation,aminopropylation,and transsulfuration pathways. Decades of research on the biochemical and molecular roles of SAM in cellular metabolism have provided an extensive foundation for its use in clinical studies,including those on depression, dementia, vacuolar myelopathy,liver disease,and osteoarthritis, SAM could be produced by chemical synthesis,enzymatic reaction and microbial fermentation,while most of SAM product at the market was produced through microbial fermentation process. This article provides an overview of the comparison between the chemical synthesis,enzymatic reaction,and microbial fermentation. This paper also briefly reviewed the development of key microbial fermentation technologies for SAM biosynthesis,such as the breeding of producing strain,fermentation processes optimization,separation and purification in down-stream process. SAM has been successfully produced by microbial fermentation on the industrial scale in Europe,such as Italy and German. While,there is a long way to go before SAM was successfully produced through microbial fermentation process on the large scale in China,and majority of the research on the SAM biosynthesis by microbial fermentation is still at the laboratory stage. Further research should be done in the field of metabolic regulation of SAM biosynthesis pathway,fundamental scale-up study,and integration fermentation process with separation and purification on the industrial scale.

关 键 词：S-腺苷甲硫氨酸 肝病 抑郁症 关节炎 发酵工程 

分 类 号：Q591[生物学—生物化学]