不同学业成绩类型学生的工作记忆研究  

Research on Working Memory of the Different Academic Achievement Types of Students

作　　者：李美华[1] 沈德立[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心 [2]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2007年第5期402-404,共3页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的考察不同学业成绩类型学生的工作记忆广度发展情况。方法从小学三年级、五年级、初中二年级、高中二年级中分别挑选被试各80人,进行工作记忆广度测量。结果1工作记忆广度与学业成绩有高相关,即双优生2种工作记忆广度测试成绩最好;相反双差生2种工作记忆广度测试成绩最差,二者差异非常显著。22种偏科的学生工作记忆广度测试成绩处于中等,二者差异不显著,但偏数学科的学生比偏语文科的学生工作记忆广度测试成绩稍好。3双优学生与2种偏科生相比,2种工作记忆广度测试成绩差异十分显著,而2种偏科的学生与双差生相比有差异,但表现在2种工作记忆广度上程度不一样。结论工作记忆广度与学生的学业成绩关系密切,即工作记忆是有效学习的前提。Objective To review the development circumstances of working memory scope of the students of the different academic achievement type. Methods The 320 students were selected from the primary school of Grade Three, Grade Five; and the junior middle school of Grade Two, the senior middle school of Grade Two. There were 20 subjects of each academic achievement type in each grade. They were gave two tests of the working memory scope. Results ①The students who studied well in both Chinese and math were the best in the two tests; contrary to the students who studied poorly in both Chinese and math were the worst, and it reached very outstanding level between the two types students. ②The students who studied well in Chinese while poorly in math and who studied well in math while poorly in Chinese were both in middle level; there was not outstanding level between the two types students, but it was a little better in two tests of working memory for the students who studied well in math while poorly in Chinese than the students who studied well in Chinese while poorly in math. ③The students who studied well in both Chinese and math were better on the working memory scope than the students who studied well in Chinese while poorly in math and who studied well in math while poorly in Chinese, there was very different too; the students who studied well in Chinese while poorly in math and who studied well in math while poorly in Chinese were hetter on the working memory scope than the students who studied poorly in both Chinese and math, but there was different degree of the two kinds of working memory scope. Conclusion The working memory is osculation relation with the schoolwork achievements of the students. That is the working memory is the premise of the efficient learning.

关 键 词：工作记忆 测试 学业成绩类型 

分 类 号：R338.64[医药卫生—人体生理学]