脑室周围白质软化新生大鼠模型的创建及所伴随的白内障病变  

Establishment of a neonatal rat model of periventricular leukomalacia and its concomitant cataract

作　　者：贺月秋[1] 陈惠金[1] 钱龙华[1] 陈冠仪[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院,上海市儿科医学研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《中国当代儿科杂志》2007年第3期220-224,共5页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics

基　　金：上海市教委课题(05BZ08)。

摘　　要：目的创建与人类早产儿脑室周围白质软化(periventricular leukomalacia,PVL)病理相似的可靠PVL动物模型,并探索本PVL模型所伴随的白内障病变及其形成机制。方法新生大鼠分为PVL组和假手术对照组,通过双侧颈总动脉结扎和8%低氧下缺氧30min,建立PVL动物模型。分别于术后1d进行脑片TTC染色以观察脑梗死情况,术后2d和21d进行光镜下脑病理检查,以及术后21d进行眼部裂隙灯检查和光镜下眼球病理检查。结果脑片TTC染色显示PVL新生大鼠脑组织呈现大面积白色梗死区,其梗死体积达(53.45±33.90)mm3,梗死百分比为(24.98±15.44)%。光镜下病理研究证实,术后2d的PVL新生大鼠脑室周围以及皮层下白质呈现囊性坏死和细胞凋亡,皮质神经元损伤轻微。术后21d,其脑室周围以及皮质下白质可见多个囊性疏松坏死区域形成。相应日龄假手术组大鼠脑组织内则未观察到明显病理改变。术后21d后,肉眼及裂隙灯下均观察到PVL组所有幼鼠双眼均呈现白内障,光镜下显示球后组织无明显病理改变。假手术组幼鼠眼部均正常。结论通过对2日龄新生大鼠进行双侧颈总动脉结扎伴缺氧,成功创建了与人类早产儿PVL病理相似的PVL动物模型,效果肯定,重复性好。同时本建模方法也可引起白内障病变,可作为制作白内障动物模型的推荐方法之一。Objective To establish a reliable neonatal rat model of periventricular leukomalacia （PVL） which is expected to be similar to PVL of human preterm infants pathologically, and to explore the concomitant eye lesions in the PVL model. Methods Two-old-day neonatal rats were randomly divided into a PVL group and a sham-operated group （ n = 19 each）. The PVL model was established by the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries, followed by a 30-min exposure to 8% oxygen. The cerebral infarction area was assessed with TTC staining 1 day after operation. Cerebral pathology was examined under a light micsrocope 2 and 21 days after operation. The examinations of eyes under a slip lamp and the pathology of eyeballs under a light microscope were performed 21 days after operation. Results The ＇ITC staining cerebral slices showed there were extensive white areas of infarction in the brain of the PVL group, with an infarction area of 53.45 ± 33.90 mm^3 and a percentage of infarction of （ 24.98 ± 15.44） %. Significant cystic necrosis and apoptosis around the periventricular and subcortical white matter and mild damage in cortical neurons were observed in the PVL group 2 days after operation. The more obvious cystic necrosis around the periventricular area was found in the PVL group 21 days after operation. There were no pathological changes in the brain of the sham-operated group. All of rats in the PVL group had bilateral cataracts, however, no pathological changes were observed in their postbulbar tissues. The sham-operated group did not show eye abnormal. Conclusions The PVL animal model that was similar to PVL of human preterm infants pathologically was successfully established by the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries, followed by 30-min hypoxia exposure, with a positive effect and a good repeatability. Cataract can also be induced by the method.

关 键 词：脑室周围白质软化 模型 缺血缺氧 白内障 脑梗死 新生大鼠 早产儿 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生]