甘肃兴隆山保护区圈养马麝行为模式的性间差异  

Behavioral Differences Between Female and Male Alpine Musk Deer(Moschus sifanicus) in Captivity

作　　者：孟秀祥[1] 杨奇森[2] 冯祚建[2] 夏霖[2] 冯金朝[1] 周宜君[1] 徐宏发[3] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [3]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第4期101-105,共5页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.3050006030540055);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2005038431);中央民族大学"985工程"资助项目(CUN985-3-3)

摘　　要：用焦点取样、扫描取样和所有事件综合记录方法,对甘肃兴隆山麝场圈养马麝的卧息等行为型进行了取样记录,比较分析了雌雄个体在非交配季节(8-10月)和交配季节(11月-翌年1月)行为特征和表达模式的性间差异.结果表明:由于雌麝在非交配季节正处于产后恢复期和哺乳期,其能量耗损和育幼投资相对增加,警戒性增强,其站立凝视及摄食等行为型的发生持续时间相对雄麝较多,但差异不显著(p>0.05),而雄麝为补充麝香分泌期的能量消耗及为繁殖季节作能量储备,相对地展现较多卧息(p<0.01),而运动较少(p>0.05).在交配季节,雄麝卧息较少(p>0.05),而较多地展现冲突行为(p<0.05),站立凝视、运动和信息标记等行为也表达较多(p>0.05),雌麝表达较多的环境探究和尾阴探究行为收集环境信息和其他个体的性信息(p>0.05).作为一种性别特征性的气味标记,雄麝全年均有蹭尾行为的表达.研究发现:雌麝在交配季节也有蹭尾行为表达,但表达模式异于雄麝,持续时间也极显著地少于雄麝(p<0.01).The integrated methods of focal sampling, scanning sampling and all occurrence recording were utilized to quantify the behavioral patterns of captive alpine musk deer （Moschus sifanicus） in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province, and the preliminary behavioral comparison was made between female and male animal categories. Because the male musk deer need to recollect energy lost in musk secretion, male individuals behave more resting （p〈0.01） during non-mating season （from August to October）, but the female was in lactation during non-mating season, the energy costs and needs for parent care caused the female deer to strengthen the intensity of vigilance, thus the locomotion and standing-gazing were exhibited stronger though the difference is non-significant statistically （p〉0.05）. During the mating season, males performed less bedding and resting, but more tail-rubbing, locomotion and standinggazing （p〉0.05）. In contrast, the female exhibited more environment-sniffing and ano-genital sniffing to collect the environmental and sexual cues of other individuals. The male marked scenting cues by tail-rubbing behavior all the year round, while females showed scent making only in mating season, and the duration of their exhibition was highly significantly lower than that of the male musk deer （p〈0.01）.

关 键 词：马麝 圈养 性别 行为模式 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]