巨猿、化石人和智人牙齿的波动不对称:人类进化中压力源变化的意义(英文)  

Fluctuating Dental Asymmetry in Great Apes, Fossil Hominins, and Modern Humans: Implications for Changing Stressors during Human Evolution

作　　者：Michael J. Frederick Gordon G. Gallup Jr 

机构地区：[1]University at Albany

出　　处：《心理学报》2007年第3期489-494,共6页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：波动不对称(FA)是压力的随机性引发双侧完美对称偏离的现象,这是个体无力免受发展中不利因素(如早期营养不良)侵害的一个标志。比较个体口腔两侧牙齿的大小是一种测量 FA 的方法。本研究汇集了 10 个物种共 296 名个体的牙齿测量结果,测量对象包括黑猩猩(学名 Pan troglodytes)、猩猩(学名Pongo pygmaeus)、大猩猩(学名 Gorilla gorilla)、智人(学名 Homo sapiens),以及许多化石人。分析发现,猩猩样本牙齿的 FA 水平要显著低于大猩猩、黑猩猩、直立人、尼安德特人和智人样本的 FA 水平。而与之相反的是,智人与尼安德特人样本的牙齿 FA 水平要显著高于其它任何一种巨猿样本的 FA 水平。该文提出了有关缓和的选择压力的解释。Fluctuating asymmetry （FA）, defined by random, stress-induced deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, is an indication of the inability to buffer against developmental disturbances, such as poor early nutrition. One method of measuring FA involves comparing individual tooth sizes on opposing sides of the mouth. In this study tooth measurements were compiled for 296 individuals from 10 species, including chimpanzees （Pan troglodytes）, orangutans （Pongo pygmaeus）, gorillas （Gorilla gorilla）, modem humans （Homo sapiens）, and a number of fossil hominins. The orangutan sample had significantly lower levels of dental FA than the gorilla, chimpanzee, Homo erectus, neandertal, or modem human samples. In contrast, the human and neandertal samples had significantly higher dental FA levels than any of the great ape samples. Some explanations relating to relaxed selection pressures are suggested.

关 键 词：波动对称 选择压力 化石人 

分 类 号：B84-069[哲学宗教—基础心理学]