小麦抗赤霉病基因库研究——Ⅴ.不同基因库群体改良效果的比较  

Studies on the Development of Scab Resistant Gene Pool in Wheat V. Comparison of the Effect of Population Improvement of Different Gene Pools

作　　者：蒋国梁[1] 陈兆夏[1] 吴兆苏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学小麦品种研究室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》1997年第1期34-38,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目;国家"八五"攻关项目

摘　　要：用长期库LP和抗源库RP的C_1、C_4,近期库GPⅠ和CPⅡ的C_0、C_3轮选群体,在赤霉病单花接种条件下,对其3轮选择前后的抗赤霉病性(抗扩展)和10个农艺性状的表现及具改良效果进行了分析。结果表明,无论是抗赤霉病性还是农艺性状,不同基因库群体的改良效果都显著不同。抗赤霉病性以RP和GPⅠ的改良效果较好,GPⅡ次之,而LP从C_1到C_4未获得明显改进。株高的改良因基因库不同而异。其他农艺性状在GPⅠ得到显著改良,在GPⅡ和LP大多明显改善,RP则无一致性变化。将基因库分为长期库、抗源库和近期库3种类型,各有侧重地分别进行轮回选择,是适宜的策略。对抗赤霉病性的改良,应创造充分的发病条件,并进行严格的选择。在群体综合性状的改良上,对不育株进行表型混合株选较表型混合穗选更适宜。Scab resistance, agronomic traits and their improvement effects of 4 wheat gene pools were studied with different recurrent selection populations under single-floret inoculation with Gibberella zeae. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences in the effects of population improvement for both the resistance and the agronomic characters a-mong different gene pools. The resistance to scab spread in the resistance resource pool RP and the short-term gene pool GP I was increased by 8. 30% and 7. 85% per cycle, respectively, and that of the short-term gene pool GP Ⅱ was also improved significantly after three cycles of selection. Distinct improvement effect from C1 to C4 was not found in the long-term gene pool LP. The selection responses for plant height varied with different kinds of gene pool. For other agronomic traits, e. g. the numbers of spikes and grains, biomass, grain yield, harvest index and 100-grain weight per plant, and the number of grains, biomass and grain weight per spike, the population of GP I was improved significantly. Obvious increases were found for most of these trails in GP Ⅱ and LP; but for RP, the responses varied with different traits. It is feasible that the gene pools were divided into three kinds, long-term, short-term and resistance resource gene pool, and recurrent selection was conducted with particular emphasis for each of them. Full epidemic of scab and strict selection are necessary for the genetic improvement of resistance to scab in wheat. And it was suggested that for population improvement of comprehensive performance of the gene pools through recurrent selection using the dominant male-sterile gene ms2(Tal), phenotypic mass selection for plant might be more effective than phenotypic mass selection for spike.

关 键 词：小麦 基因库 群体改良 轮回选择 抗赤霉病性 

分 类 号：S512.103.4[农业科学—作物学]