花鲈和鲈鱼群体的遗传分化研究  

Studies on Genetic Differentiation of the Spotted Sea Bass(Lateolabrax maculatus) and Japanese Sea Bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)

作　　者：胡自民[1] 高天翔[1] 韩志强[1] 宋林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]辽东学院,辽宁丹东118001

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第3期413-418,共6页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(39970578);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA09Z418);水产种质标准化整理;整合与共享项目(2005DKA30470);山东省中青年优秀科学家基金项目(02BS018)资助

摘　　要：利用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术对3个中国花鲈（Lateolabrax maculatus）群体（威海，舟山和北海）和4个日本鲈鱼（L．japonicus）群体（东京湾、山口、有明海和八代海）进行了遗传分化研究。18条随机引物在7个群体中共扩增出159条谱带，其中多态性谱带133条（83．65％）。花鲈和鲈鱼群体间的平均等位基因数和平均有效等位基因数分别为1．8365和1．5242,Nei’s多样性指数和Shannon多样性信息指数分别为0．3075和0．4586。花鲈和鲈鱼群体内的遗传多样性分别为0．3156-0．3669和0．2982～0．5150。UPGMA聚类分析显示，舟山、威海和北海3个花鲈群体亲缘关系较近并形成一分支。而日本有明海与八代海的鲈鱼群体同花鲈关系较远，它们与另2个鲈鱼群体（东京湾和山口）形成另一分支。本文结果进一步从分子水平上支持将中国产花鲈和日本的鲈鱼划分为2个种的观点，并且RAPD数据表明花鲈和鲈鱼群体内都出现了明显的遗传分化。Random Amplified Polymorphie DNA （RAPD） markers were applied to study the genetic differentiation of three spotted sea bass （Lateolabrax maculatus） populations （Weihai, Zhoushan and Beihai） and four Japanese sea bass （L. japonicus） populations （Tokyo bay, Yamaguchi Aio, Ariake Sea and Yatsushiro Sea）. A total of 159 DNA fragments were scored from 18 RAPD primers, of which 83.65 % were polymorphic. At the level of Lateolabrax populations, the observed mean number of alleles and the mean effective number of alleles were 1. 836 5 and 1. 524 2, and the Nei＇s gene diversity and Shannon＇ s information index were 0. 307 5 and 0. 458 6, respectively. The genetic distances among the seven sea bass populations ranged from 0. 298 2 to 0. 5691. In the three L. maculatus populations, the genetic distance varied from 0. 315 6 to 0. 366 9, whereas in the L. japonicus, the genetic distances .ranged from 0. 298 2 to 0. 505 0. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the spotted sea bass populations from China had the closest relationships and grouped together as one clade, white the four Japanese sea bass populations including the two populations from the Ariake Sea and the Yatsushiro Sea formed the other clade, and there was no apparent genetic variation as the two populations of the Japanese sea bass compared with other five wild sea bass populations. The RAPD results presented new evi- dence to the statement that the spotted sea bass and Japanese sea bass are two separate valid species, the L. maculatus and L. japonicus, and distinct genetic differentiation occurred among them. Besides, geographic distance might be the main factor resulted in the gene flow among spotted sea bass and Japanese sea bass populations.

关 键 词：花鲈 鲈鱼 RAPD 群体 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S965.211[农业科学—水产养殖]