儿童颧骨碰撞损伤生物力学研究  

The finite element study on zygomatic injury by impact in child

作　　者：张海钟[1] 侯敏[1] 白邵鹏[2] 马春生[2] 柳春明[1] 步荣发[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院口腔颌面外科,北京100853 [2]北京航空航天大学

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2007年第20期1420-1422,共3页National Medical Journal of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(30471902);首都医学发展科研基金项目资助(20023091)

摘　　要：目的建立已构建颧颞缝、颧颌缝、颧额缝、翼颌缝的儿童颅面复合体有限元模型,分析颧骨正面撞击时响应过程,探讨儿童颅面创伤的生物力学特点。方法选择7岁女性,采用 GElightspeed 16层螺旋 CT 对颅面扫描,将 CT 工作站下载 DICOM 原始数据转换,建立颅面复合体三维有限元模型,利用 MSC、Patran 构建骨缝,分析颅面复合体右侧颧骨撞击时响应过程。结果当撞击点落在儿童颅面复合体颧骨正面,撞击区应力集中,46%的撞击负载沿颧骨颞突向颞骨传导,在寰枕关节区应力集中。34%通过颧颌缝向上颌骨传导,20%通过颧额缝向额骨传导。结论儿童颅面复合体在颧骨处撞击时,撞击区和寰枕关节区应力集中,骨缝处可表现较大的应力梯度是容易发生损伤的部位,而骨缝可减弱应力传导,从而减轻后部的深层组织损伤。Objective The purpose of this study was to establish the constructive of craniofacial suture in the three-dimensional finite element model of craniofacial complex in child, to analyse the respose precedure of the zygomatic impact, to explore the biomechanics characteristic of the children craniofacial trauma. Methods A 7-year-old female was adopted for study The complex cranial geometry was measured from a series of two-dimensional CT images. The multy-lay spiral CT scans were transformed with a serfdeveloped preprocessor into a finite element mesh. The craniofacial sutures were constructed through the MSC Patran program. Identical impact and boundary conditions were used for the zygomatic impact simulations. Results It has been shown that the finite element model（FEM） exhibited fine morphological and mechanical comparability. The higher stresswas showed in the zygomatic regions and atlas occipital articular in 3d FEM. The maximum yon Mises stress was found at the zygomatic regions and atlas occipital articular. Conclusion The concentrations of shear stress and tension stress in the suture and articular would increase the risk of injury in this area. But the conduction of the stress might be weakening in the suture of child skull.

关 键 词：颧骨 儿童 力学 成像 三维 

分 类 号：R726.5[医药卫生—儿科] R318.01[医药卫生—临床医学]