时距估计年龄差异的认知机制  

The Cognitive Mechanism of Age-related Difference in Time Estimation

作　　者：张志杰[1] 黄希庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2007年第3期524-528,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部高校博士点专项科研基金项目(批准号:20040635001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:30270467);西南大学国家重点学科科研基金项目(NSKD04005)资助

摘　　要：采用双任务的实验范式,通过对(5s、13s和26s)三个目标时距的产生法和复制法的结果来探讨时距估计年龄差异的认知机制。实验结果表明,在不同目标时距和不同的估计方法上均存在显著的年龄效应。年老被试在产生法上比年轻被试显著高估时距,存在非时间任务和年龄的交互作用,随着任务难度的增加年老被试会比年轻被试产生更长的时距。而在复制法上年老被试比年轻被试显著低估时距,但是只有在长时距条件下(26s)存在非时间任务和年龄的交互作用。本研究结果表明年老被试在产生法上对时距的高估可能与内部时钟减慢和注意资源减少有关,而在复制法上对时距的低估可能反映注意资源的减少。此外,对于长时距的时间复制,情节记忆的损伤也是导致时距估计年龄差异的一个可能原因。The aim of the research is to explore the cognitive mechanism of age-related difference in time estimation. In the dual-task paradigm, younger and older participants produced and reproduced three standard durations（Ss,3s and 26s）while doing another non- temporal task. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two age groups in all conditions. The older produced longer duration than the younger, and the more difficult the non-temporal task, the longer the older produced. By contrast, the older reproduced shorter duration than the younger, and the more difficult the non-temporal task, the shorter the older reproduced （26s）. The findings revealed that the slower internal clock rate and attentional capacity decrease better accounted for the longer production whereas attentional capacity decrease or working memory limitations better accounted for longer reproductions with ageing. The episodic memory limitations in the older were the important factor influencing the time estimation.

关 键 词：时距估计 产生法 复制法 年龄差异 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]