知觉负载、注意定势与选择性注意  

Perceptual Load,Top-down Attentional Set and Selective Attention

作　　者：吕建国[1] 王凌[2] 周晓林[2] 

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院心理学系,绵阳621000 [2]北京大学心理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理科学》2007年第3期558-563,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：本研究采用Eriksen Flanker(侧抑制)范式,将当前任务区分为高、低知觉负载两种条件,并系统操纵边缘视野干扰项与中央靶子的不同加工层次关系,从而考察注意选择的知觉负载理论。实验一发现,高知觉负载情况下没有任何flanker冲突效应,而低知觉负载情况下既有知觉层次和反应层次的冲突效应,也有一致条件下的促进效应。实验二增加了一致条件试次的比例,从而操纵自上而下的注意定势,发现高、低知觉负载情况下都存在知觉冲突效应和一致条件下的促进效应。这些发现表明,对任务无关信息的加工既受到任务相关信息的知觉负载和剩余加工资源的分配的影响,也受到自上而下注意定势的影响;自下而上和自上而下过程相互作用,共同决定加工资源的分配和注意选择的认知阶段。We employed the Eriksen Flanker paradigm and manipulated the perceptual load of the central display in which a target was presented with either several or no filler items. The relationship between the target and the flanker presented at the periphery was also systematically manipulated. Experiment 1 found no flanker congruency effects when the perceptual load was high, but did find both interference and facilitatory effects when the perceptual load was low. Experiment 2 manipulated the top-down attentional set by increasing the proportion of congruent trials. Interference and facilitatory effects were observed in both low and high perceptual load conditions. It was argued that the locus of attentional selection is determined both by the bottom-up perceptual load and its impact on the distribution of attentional resources and by the top-down attentional set.

关 键 词：选择性注意 知觉负载 注意定势 加工层次 冲突效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]