河流水环境容量的估算和分配研究  

Study on Estimation and Allocation of River Water Environmental Capacity

作　　者：陈丁江[1] 吕军[1] 金树权[1] 沈晔娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2007年第3期123-127,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2002CB410807);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40571070);浙江省科技厅计划项目(2004C33067)

摘　　要：在水污染物综合降解系数率定、分析和验证的基础上,估算不同设计条件下曹娥江上游主要支流的水环境容量,并给出了综合体现社会性、经济性和历史性的水环境容量分配方案。结果表明,河流中CODMn和NH4^＋-N的综合降解系数受到水温和流量的影响,而具有显著的时间变异性,变异范围分别为0.078～0.29/d和0.087～0.3/d,其中以冬季枯水期（11月,10月,12月,1月）的值最小。不同设计条件下,CODMn和NH4＋-N全年水环境容量分别为139.74～633.80 t和56.47～151.09 t。通过增加设计流量、降低水质目标、采用段末控制的方法均能不同程度地增加河流水环境容量,但加大污染治理力度、削减流域内各业的排污量,才是提高河流水质的根本方法。为保证社会、经济、水环境的协调发展,河段沿岸的部分排污企业需削减当前CODMn排放量的27.5%～70.5%,所有NH4＋-N排污企业需削减当前NH＋4-N排放量的12.6%～70%。这样的分配结果不但具有实际的可操作性,而且有利于促进排污权交易市场的形成。River water environmental eapaeity （WEC） was respeetively estimated under different design terms based on pollutant degradation parameter estimation, analysis and validation in the mainly upstream tributary of Cao-E River, and WEC was alloeated between each pollution souree aeeording to its social, eeonomie and historieal funetion. The results indieated that the degradation parameters of CODM.（KCOD） and NH4^＋ -N （KNH4^＋ -N） behave remarkably temporal variations due to the influences of water temperature and flux in the reaeh. KCOD and KNH4^＋ -N respeetively varies within 0. 078- 0.29/d and 0. 087-0. 3/d, and the minimums synehronously appear in dry winter season （Nov. , Dee. , Jan. ）. Annual WEC of CODMn and NH4^＋-N for studied reaeh respeetively arrive at 139.74-633.80 t and 56.47-151.09 t under different design terms. Inereasing pollutant eontrol and redueing pollutant discharge is the main approaehes for river water quality melioration, though WEC respeetively inerease with design flux, lower water quality target and reaeh end eontrol method. In order to assure harmonious development of eeonomy, soeiety and water environment, the partial eorporations along the reaeh should reduee about 27.5% - 70. 5 % of current CODM. discharges, and all corporations should reduce about 12.6 %- 70% of current NH4^＋ -N diseharges. This alloeation results not only take on maneuverability in praetiee but also induee the business market of pollutant diseharge right.

关 键 词：水环境容量 分配 削减量 降解系数 河流 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]