华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系氮肥的氨挥发  

Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China Plain

作　　者：苏芳[1] 丁新泉[1] 高志岭 黄彬香[1] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] Martin Kogge Volker Rmheld 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]加拿大农业与农业食品部 [3]Hohenheim大学植物营养研究所,德国斯图加特70593

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2007年第3期409-413,共5页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30390084;40405024)

摘　　要：利用可多点原位测定氨挥发的风洞系统,监测了华北平原2002-2004年冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系传统和优化氮肥管理下的氨挥发损失.结果表明,氨挥发主要发生在施肥后2-3周内,以施肥后连续采样15d的氨挥发累积量作为总排放量,相同施氮量下生长季夏玉米的氨挥发大于冬小麦.优化处理的氨挥发平均损失率（35.9%）显著高于传统处理（20.9%）,但从氨挥发绝对量上看,传统处理为125.1kg N/hm^2,优化处理为42.3kg N/hm^2,降幅达66.2%.施肥和灌水方式显著影响氨挥发,撒施碳铵后翻耕的氨挥发损失为10.1%,追肥撒施的氨挥发损失平均为24.6%;撒施尿素后立即灌水,氨挥发损失为19.7%,5h后灌水氨挥发损失为34.0%,增加了72.6%.Ammonia volatilization （AV） losses from traditional and optimized nitrogen fertilizer （NF） management of 2002-2004 Year winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China Plain were monitored under field conditions, using a wind tunnel system. AV occurred mainly in 2-3 weeks after fertilization, using the AV accumulated amount of 15d continuous sampling after fertilization as total losses, under the same N fertilization amount, the AV of summer maize growth season was greater than that of winter wheat season. The AV average loss rate of optimized treatment （35.9%） was higher markedly than that of traditional treatment （20.9%）, but view from AV absolute amount, traditional treatment was 125.1kg N/hm^2, optionized treatment was 42.3kg N/hm^2, showed reduction of 66.2%. Fertilizing and irrigating ways influenced AV. After broadcasting and turnover farming of NH4HCO3, AV loss was 10.1%, the AV loss of top dressing was 24.6% in average; irrigating immediately after broadcasting of urea, AV loss was 19.7%, irrigating after 5h, AV loss was 34.0%, increasing 72.6%.

关 键 词：氨挥发 风洞法 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作 

分 类 号：X171.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]