褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态学观察  

Observation of embryonic and larval development of crossbreed F_1 by Paralichthys olivaceus(♀) ×Paralichthys dentatus(♂)

作　　者：关健[1] 柳学周[1] 蔡文超[1] 徐永江[1] 马甡[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2007年第4期644-653,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业部"948"项目(2001-479-4)

摘　　要：杂交是目前水产育种中应用最为广泛、最有成效的育种途径，为了选育一个能够促进中国海水鱼类养殖业发展，改善目前养殖褐牙鲆发病严重的现状的牙鲆类养殖新品种，对褐牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）（♀）×犬齿牙鲆（P．denta－tus）（♂）的杂交进行了研究。在Nikon MS800解剖镜下对褐牙鲆（♀）×犬齿牙鲆（♂）人工杂交子一代的胚胎及胚后发育进行观察，并使用Nikon数码相机拍摄其发育特征，描述了各发育时期的发育时序和形态特征。杂交子一代胚胎发育可分为卵裂前期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官发生期、尾芽期、肌肉效应期、脱膜孵化期共9个时期，除克氏泡出现时期以及胚体开始扭动时期具有相对特异性外，胚胎发育过程与褐牙鲆相比无显著差异。在水温（16．5±0．5）℃，盐度32-33的条件下，受精卵历时67h完成孵化。（19±0．5）℃水温下，仔鱼3d以前营内源性营养（卵黄囊仔鱼），3d开口摄食营外源性营养（前弯曲期仔鱼），20d左右进入变态期（弯曲期仔鱼），40d后基本完成变态进入稚鱼阶段，生活方式由浮游转为底栖生活，50d左右全身被鳞。同时观察了自胚胎发育时期至幼鱼期体表色素的分布及形态变化过程，描述了仔鱼变态期冠状鳍条、眼位置和尾部的发育、变化过程。早期生活史无鳔器官发生。[中国水产科学，2007，14（4）：644—653]Hybridization was the most widely used and effective method in aquaculture breeding. In order to select several flatfish species which were suitable for seawater fish farming in China, hybridization between Paralichthys olivaceus （ ♀ ） and Paralichthys dentatus （♂） by artificial method was studied. Zygote was obtained by artificial insemination with collected mature eggs and sperms. By observing the embryonic and larval development of crossbreed Fl with Nikon MS-800 microscope, the total development time of every development stage was noted and calculated and the characteristic images were taken using Nikon camera. Embryos were incubated in sea water （salinity 32 - 33） at （ 16.5 ± 0.5） ℃. The time-table of major embryonic development stages of crossbreed F1 was as follows： blastodise forming stage at 1 h post fertilization （pf） ;4-cell stage at 2 h pf;morula at 7 h 30 m pf;low blastula stage at 12 h 20 m pf;early gastrula stage at 14 h pf; late gastrula at 23 h pf; blastopore closing stage at 24 h pf;nurula stage at 26 h pf;5 - 6 somite stage at 30 h pf; tail bud stage at 43 h 30 m pf; embryo movement at 48 h pf; hatching stage at 67 h pf. There was no noticeable different in embryonic development between crossbreed F1 and Paralichthys olivaceus except the time of embryo movement. The larvae rely on their yolk for nourishment before 3rd day post hatching at （19.5 ± 0.5）℃ ;after this the larval mouth opened on 3rd day（pre-flexion larvae）. Metamorphosis began on 20th day （flexion larvae） and completed on about 40th day post hatching and the fish turned into juvenile, while accompanied by a change from planktonic habits to demersal habits. The morphological development and changes of pigment pattern from embryonic to juvenile stage were observed. The crown-like fin development, eye mi- gration and tail transformation in metamorphosis stage were described with 24 photographs. There was no swim bladder development in early live history. The optimum water temperatures for emb

关 键 词：褐牙鲆 犬齿牙鲆 杂交 胚胎发育 仔稚鱼形态 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]