椒目中提取仁油的3种方法比较研究  

Comparative Study of Three Methods of the Extract Olein from Bunge Pricklyash Seed

作　　者：杨倩[1] 王四旺[1] 王剑波[1] 谢艳华[1] 王捷频[1] 颜联祥 苗青[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学药学系药物研究所,陕西西安710032 [2]韩城市科技局,陕西韩城715400

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2007年第3期20-22,共3页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：陕西省中医药管理局资助项目(2005079)

摘　　要：目的:采用三种不同的方法,即压榨、超临界CO2流体萃取和化学法提取椒目仁油,比较和选择最佳工艺,评价适于工业化生产的可能途径和较理想的方法。方法:采用传统压榨技术、超临界CO2流体萃取仪和化学试剂(石油醚、甲醇、乙醚、丙酮等)萃取等提取椒目仁油,观测各方法提油的收油率、α-亚麻酸含量等指标。结果:①传统压榨法简便易行,适于工业化生产,压榨工艺生产的椒目仁油符合Q/HZCY001-1999企业标准。②该混合油脂的出油率达到25%;其中饱和脂肪酸约占10%,不饱和脂肪酸80%(α-亚麻酸和亚油酸各约含30%左右),不饱合脂肪酸的转移率达到20%,其他成分占10%,且不含芥酸。③经比较研究证实适于工业化生产椒目仁油的方法依次是压榨>超临界CO2流体萃取>化学萃取法。结论:椒目的确可用作新的木本油脂资源,压榨技术是其较理想的工业化生产方法。油脂中α-亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸的含量高达80%,对于进一步开发新型食用保健植物油,特别是精制α-亚麻酸和亚油酸等人体必需营养素和研制保健或治疗新药具有重要实际意义。Objective： Use three different methods： squeeze, SFE-CO2 and chemical method extract olein from bunge pricklyash seed, to compare and choose the best technology, evaluation the possible way and more ideal method for industrialization. Methods： Extract olein from bunge pricklyash seed by traditional squeeze method, SFE-CO2 method and chemical method （ DAB-6, methanol, aether, acetone etc, observation the indicatrix as the yield of oil, the content of α-Linolenic Acid etc. Results： （1）Traditional squeeze method is convenient, suitable for industrialization, and the product of the squeeze menthod consistent with enterprise＇ s standard Q/HZCY001-1999. （2）The yield of oil reachs 25%, saturated fatty acid is about 10%, unsaturated tatty acid is near 80% （the content of α-Linolenic Acid and α-Linolenic Acid is about 30% ）, the other ingredient is about 10 %, not contain erucidic acid. （3）Through comparative study, the suitable way of the industrialization of extract the olein from bunge pricklyash seed in rank is squeeze method 〉 SFE-CO2 method 〉 chemical method. Conclusion： （1） Bunge pricklyash seed can be new resource of aetio-olein, and the technology of squeeze is the suitable method of industrialization. （2）The unsaturated fatty acid as the α-Linolenic Acid etc, the content can reachs 80% in the olein. It have important and practice significance for exploitation edible health protection vegetable oil, especial for develop the constitutional or curative new drugs and the exquisite and depurate the α-Linolenic Acid, linoleic acid etc, which are the essential nutrient of human.

关 键 词：椒目 Α-亚麻酸 椒目仁油 不饱和脂肪酸 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学]