华北地区骨干玉米自交系农艺性状与产量的相关性  

Relativity between Yields and Agronomic Traits of Major Maize Inbred Lines of North China

作　　者：谢振江[1] 李明顺[2] 李新海[2] 张世煌[2] 张宝石[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2007年第3期265-268,共4页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部"948"项目(2003-Q03);亚洲玉米生物技术协作网基金(AMBIONETICC5247B24)

摘　　要：采用裂区试验设计,密度为主区,自交系为副区,材料均为华北地区近40年34个骨干玉米自交系,用逐步回归、通径分析和偏向关等方法分析了其农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明:总穗数、穗粒数、千粒重对自交系产量的影响顺序为总穗数>穗粒数>千粒重;农艺性状对单株产量的影响顺序为株粒数>空秆率>行粒数>千粒重>叶向值>秃尖度>穗位>生育期>ASI>倒伏率。只有通过提高单株粒数,才能加大密度提高单位面积的粒数。同时通过保持穗位、生育期在适当水平,强化耐密性的选择,选择千粒重高、雌雄协调、株型上举耐密且抗倒能力强的自交系,才能最终提高玉米自交系的产量。因此,提高株粒数是提高玉米自交系产量的最重要因素。For the purpose of breeding excellent inbred lines with high yielding, the relationships among agronomic traits on yield of inbred lines has been studied. By statistical method of stepwise regression, path analysis and partial regression, the analysis of agronomic traits on yield of inbred lines, which was based on the split-spot experimental design with 34 inbred lines from different eras of north China as sub-plot as well as density as main plot, were carried out in Beijing in 2005. The results showed that kernels per plant was arranged for the top position among so many agronomic traits which contribute to the yield enhancement of single plant, and then next ones are followed by barrenness rate, kernels per row, 1000 kernels weight, leaf orientation value and so on. Consequently, it should be concluded that increasing kernels per plant should be put on the priority position, and improving yield of inbred lines also be solved comprehensively by imposing high density stress to inbred lines, heavier kernel weight, harmony of ASI, paying much attention to more upright ones and higher resistance to lodging with ear position and maturity days under the proper level. Kernels per plant has a fundamental impact on improvement of inbred lines＇ yield.

关 键 词：玉米 自交系 产量 农艺性状 相关分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]