覆盖施肥对丘陵冬小麦增产效果的研究  

Study on yield-increasing effectiveness of mulching and fertilization of winter wheat in hilly areas

作　　者：丛惠芳[1] 孙治军[1] 张梅[1] 于桂香[1] 杨守军[1] 孙秀波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学,山东烟台264670

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第4期191-196,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(Y2004D01);教育部"高等学校骨干教师资助计划"项目

摘　　要：对山东省烟台市丘陵冬小麦进行覆盖施肥试验研究,结果表明：覆盖和施有机肥能有效的促进丘陵冬小麦的生长发育、干物质积累和产量的提高。施有机肥较不施有机肥处理单株次生根、分蘖数和株高分别增加0.85-2.51条/株、0.22-1.52个/株和0.46-4.23 cm,干物质增加0.03-1.15 g/株,且均差异显著;覆膜和盖草处理的单株次生根、分蘖数和株高也显著高于裸地,分别增加0.25-3.36条/株、0.23-0.9个/株和0.27-3.57cm,干物质增加0.02-0.74 g/株。在本试验条件下,施有机肥（22 500 kg/hm^2）、化肥（碳酸氢氨990 kg/hm^2,过磷酸钙815 kg/hm^2,氯化钾228 kg/hm^2）和覆膜或盖草处理组合的干物质积累量最高,产量与其它处理相比差异极显著,但覆膜和盖草处理之间的产量差异不显著。因此认为盖草、施用有机肥和适宜数量的化肥是丘陵冬小麦保水增产的有效措施,值得在冬小麦生产上推广应用。The experiment was carried out in Yantai city of Shandong province. The results showed that： mulch and fertilizer application could accelerate the growth, development, dry matter accumulation, and improve the yield of winter wheat. The secondary roots, tillers, height, dry matter weight per plant with organic fertilizer were increased by 0.85- 2.51, 0.22- 1.52, 0.46- 4.23cm, 0.03- 1.15 g respectively, compared with the plant without organic fertilizer, and the difference between plants with and without organic fertilizer was statistically significant. Secondary roots, tillers, height, dry matter weight per plant increased by 0.25- 3.36, 0.23-0.98, 0.27-3.57 cm, 0.02-0.74 g respectively when the land was covered with plastic or straw compared with that of bare land. In the condition of this experiment, the combination of organic fertilizer （22 500 kg/hm^2）, chemical fertilizer （NH4HCO3 ： 990 kg/hm^2, Ca（H2PO4）2·H2O：815 kg/hm^2, KCl：228 kg/ hm^2） with plastic mulching or straw mulching had the highest yield and accumulation content of dry matter, but the yield difference between plastic mulching and straw mulching was not statistically significant. Thus we come to the conclusion that organic-fertilizing, application of optimum ratio and quantity of chemical fertilizer, and straw-mulching were economical and effective measures for high-yield and water-saving cultivation of wheat in hilly areas. The measures were worthy of extension and implication in the winter wheat production area.

关 键 词：冬小麦 丘陵 覆盖 施肥 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]