白腐真菌膜生物反应器对活性染料废水的脱色效果  

Decolorizing Effect of Reactive Dyeing Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactor Using White Rot Fungi

作　　者：朱勇[1] 马丽华[1] 戴兴春[1] 黄民生[1] 王忠华[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2007年第15期38-42,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50278034)

摘　　要：应用构建的合体式及分体式白腐真菌膜生物反应器,研究了在非灭菌环境下对活性艳红X-3B染料废水的脱色效果,并借助扫描电镜观察、分析了处理过程中生物膜的结构及其变化情况。结果表明,在非灭菌环境下,白腐真菌膜生物反应器能够有效降解活性艳红染料,2个反应器在起始阶段的脱色率上升迅速,对浓度为50 mg/L的染料,处理时间为1 d的脱色率可达65%左右,4 d的脱色率>80%,脱色率随染料废水浓度的增高和处理时间的延长而降低。与此同时,白腐真菌生物膜出现了生物量下降、菌丝聚缩成团等受损现象。为保证白腐真菌在初始时就占有优势,所接种的白腐真菌需在经灭菌的培养基中长至菌丝球形成,同时在启动前应对反应器进行清洗和消毒。进水负荷过高及杂菌的感染是造成白腐真菌生物膜结构改变及脱色效果下降的主要原因,因此在运行中适当控制染料废水的浓度或适时停加染料废水并补充培养液,对修复白腐真菌生物膜的结构及降解功能是十分必要的。Separate and integrated membrane bioreactors using white rot fungi were used to investigate the decolorizing effect of reactive brilliant red X-3 B under non-sterile condition, and the micro-structure and variation of the biofilm during the treatment were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that the fungal MBR is effective in decolorization of the dyes under non-sterile condition. The decolorization rate is high in the initial stages. For X-3B of 50 mg/L, the two fungal MBRs can decolorize about 65% of dye in 1 day, and more than 80% in 4 days. The decolorization rate decreases with increases in dye concentration and retention time. Meanwhile, the white rot fungi biofilm experiences a decrease in biomass. To ensure a stable source of white rot fungi in the initial stage for better dye decolorization, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium should be incubated in the sterilized culture medium for several days and the bioreactors also need to be washed and disinfected. The high dye loading and microbial contamination are the two major factors that affect the biofilm structure and the decolorizing capability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In practice, lowering the dye concentration, stopping the influent and adding culture medium at the appropriate time are necessary to recover the biofilm structure and biodegradation activity.

关 键 词：白腐真菌 膜生物反应器 染料废水 脱色 生物膜 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]