广州市盲校学生致盲及低视力原因调查  

An Investigation on the Causes of Blindness and Low Vision of Students in Blind School in Guangzhou

作　　者：刘斌[1] 黄文勇[1] 何明光[1] 郑颖丰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学中山眼科中心,广州510060

出　　处：《眼科学报》2007年第2期117-120,共4页Eye Science

摘　　要：目的:调查盲校学生盲和低视力的原因,以确定潜在的可预防性和可治疗性因素。方法:采用世界卫生组织防盲计划儿童盲及低视力眼检查记录表,对2004年广州市盲校学生盲及低视力情况进行调查,并分析其原因。结果:177名4～33岁(平均13.5岁)学生,男:女为2.1︰1,视力为无光感者55人(31.1%),<0.05者96人(54.2%),<0.1者15人(8.5%),不合作或精神障碍者11人(6.2%)。致盲及低视力的原因依次为早产儿视网膜病变67人(37.9%),视神经萎缩,眼球萎缩及原因不明,视网膜变性分别为15人(8.5%),先天性青光眼9人(5.1%),先天性黄斑异常8人(4.5%),视网膜脱离和先天性白内障分别7人(3.9%),先天性小眼球和角膜病变分别为5人(2.8%),其他24人(13.6%)。其中以早产儿视网膜病变为最重要的致盲因素(占37.9%),分别占≤10岁组的57.7%,≤15岁组的33.9%,≤20岁组的28.6%,大于20岁组的14.3%;以及占无光感组52.7%,视力<0.05组31.3%,不合作或精神障碍组63.6%。可避免性盲(包括早产儿视网膜病变,屈光不正,白内障术后弱视)73人(41.2%),仍有视力提高可能的治疗价值者14人(7.9%)。结论:早产儿视网膜病变是近年来盲童主要致盲原因;加强对早产儿围产期的监测,早发现,早治疗,有助减少致盲的可能。Purpose ： To determine the underlying causes of blindness and low vision, potentially preventable and treatable causes of the students in blind school in Guangzhou. Methods： In 2004, students in Guangzhou Blind School were examined, and WHO Prevention of Blindness Program （WHO/PBL） Eye Examination Record for children with blindness and low vision was used. Results： Of the 177 students（4-33 years, 13.5 average）, all were blind or visually impaired severely （visual acuity, V/A, less than 0.1 in the better eye）. No light perception, V/A 〈 0.05 and visually impaired （V/A 〈 0.1 ） were 31.1%, 54.2% and 8.5% respectively, others refused to be examined or were mental retard. The causes were retinopathy of premature infant （ROP） （37.9%）, optic nerve hypoplasia, Phthisis or cause unknown, retinal degeneration （8.5%）, congenital glaucoma （ 5.1% ）, congenital macular abnormal （4.5 % ）, retinal detachment （ 3.9% ）, congenital cataract （3.9%）, microphthalmos （2.8%）, corneal disease （2.8%） and other causes. ROP was the most important cause （37.9%）, accounting for 57.7% cases in 〈 10 years group, 33.9% in ≤15-year group, 28.6% in ≤ 20-year group, 14.3% in older than 20-year group; and 52.7% in no light perception group, 31.3% in V/A 〈 0.05 group 63.6% in incorporated and mental retard group. 73 cases （41.2%） were with avoidable blindness and visual impairment including ROP, refractive error and amblyopia after cataract surgery, V/A in 14 cases （7.9%） could be improved after treatment. Conclusions ： Along with the improvement of health and socio-economic status, ROP become the major causes in children in recent years. Things remained to be done to eliminate childhood blindness.

关 键 词：盲 流行病学调查 早产儿视网膜病变 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]