水平潜流人工湿地对污水中有机物的降解特性  

Degradation characteristics of organic substances in polluted surface waters treatment with horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

作　　者：闻岳[1] 周琪[1] 蒋玲燕[1] 姚枝良[1] 殷峻[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2007年第4期508-512,共5页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家"863"项目(2002AA601023);上海市科技委员会2004年重大科技攻关项目(04dz12029)

摘　　要：采用芦苇-砾石（W1）、组合植物-砾石（W2）和芦苇-组合填料（W3）3种不同类型的水平潜流人工湿地系统处理受污染水体．当进水COD为44-96mg／L，HRT≥2d时，3个系统出水COD均〈30mg／L，达到地表水环境Ⅳ类水体COD标准．W2系统在HRT≥4d时，出水COD〈20mg／L，达到Ⅲ类水体COD标准．有机物降解速率依次为W2〉W3〉W1．GC／MS分析表明，与WI相比较，W2和W3出水中有机物的碳原子数、分子量和化合物组成类似，对污染物向低碳小分子迁移转化更为彻底．运用PCR-DGGE技术考察不同湿地系统中微生物种群及其分布特征表明，不同类型湿地系统中水生植物和填料种类及空间位置对微生物群落结构具有显著的影响．Three different types of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, i.e. reed/gravel bed （W1）, multiple plants/gravel bed （W2） and reed/multiple substrates bed （W3）, were applied to treat the polluted surface water. COD of the three beds were reduced from influent 44-96mg/L to effluent below 30 mg/L, with HRT no less than 2d, reaching case-IV waters for GB3838-2002. The performance of COD removal efficiency was the best in W2 bed with effluent below 20mg/L with HRT no less than 4d, reaching case-Ⅲ waters. The degradation rate of organic compounds was in turn W2〉W3〉W1. Organic compounds in effluents of W2 and W3 were similar in carbon number, molecular weights and components with more complete degradation, compared with that of W1. The microbial community and its distribution investigated by PCR-DGGE technology showed that the types of maerophytes and substrate as well as space distributions significantly affected the microbial community in the wetland systems.

关 键 词：水平潜流人工湿地 受污染水体 有机物降解 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]