视网膜生物钟研究进展  

Research Progress on the Biochronometer in the Retina

作　　者：吴涛[1] 倪银华[1] 夏李群[1] 王露[1] 傅正伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学生物与环境工程环学院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2007年第8期1249-1250,1232,共3页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(Y204240);浙江省新苗人才计划项目(2007G60G2020059)

摘　　要：昼夜节律生物钟是以24h为周期的自主维持的振荡器。在高等的多细胞生物中,生物钟可以分为母钟和子钟。研究表明哺乳动物的母钟位于下丘脑视交叉上核(suprachiasmatic nucleus,SCN),由此发出信息控制全身的节律活动;子钟位于组织细胞内,调控效应器的节律。在分子水平上,生物钟的振荡由自身调控反馈环路的转录和翻译组成,并接受外界环境因素的影响,通过下丘脑视叉上核(Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,SCN)中枢震荡器的同步整和而产生作用。视网膜是一种十分节律性的组织,许多生化的、细胞的和生理的过程都是以节律的方式来进行的,如视觉灵敏度、视网膜杆细胞外片层脱落和视网膜色素上皮细胞的吞噬作用、光受体中的视觉色素基因的快速表达等。生物钟存在于很多脊椎动物的视网膜中,被认为是一种外周生物钟。本文综述了视网膜生物钟,生物钟信号传输以及生物钟网络等的最新研究进展。The biochronometer is a self-sustaining oscillator that has a period of about 24 hours. In mammals, daily rhythms in behaviour and physiology are driven by a biochronometer system comprising of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei （SCN） of the hypothalamus and peripheral oscillators in most body cells. The clock oscillator is composed of a transcription]translation-based autoregulatory feedback loop and can synchronize itself to changing environmental conditions. It funcdons by central clock oscillator to coordinate the molecular basis of circadian timing in suprachiasmatic nucleus （SCN） of hypothalamus. The retina is a remarkably rhythmic tissue. Many cellular, biochemical, and physiological processes change in a circadian fashion, including visual sensitivity; rod outer segment disc shedding and phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium （RPE）; expression of immediate early genes and visual pigment genes in photoreceptors etc. Biochronometers are known to be present in the retinas of many vertebrates, and these oscillators can be considered to be peripheral docks. Advances about retina biochronometer, signal transmission of biochronometer as well as biochronometer networks in retina were reviewed in this article,the direction for the future research was also suggested.

关 键 词：视网膜 生物钟 生物节律 

分 类 号：R774[医药卫生—眼科]