土壤和沉积物中多氯代有机化合物厌氧降解研究进展  

Advances in anaerobic degradation of polychlorinated organic compounds (PCOCs) in soils and sediments

作　　者：刘翠英[1] 余贵芬[1] 蒋新[1] 樊建凌[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院土壤研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第8期3482-3488,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究与发展规划(973)资助项目(2002CB410805);江苏省国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(BK2005220)~~

摘　　要：多氯代有机化合物(PCOCs)是土壤和沉积物中的典型污染物,厌氧条件下PCOCs能够发生脱氯发应,从而使其毒性大大降低,脱氯后形成的低氯代化合物可以进一步好氧降解,直至完全矿化。从PCOCs的降解过程出发,重点综述了几种典型PCOCs的厌氧脱氯机理以及几种重要影响因素;阐明了脱氯反应是PCOCs厌氧降解的关键步骤,反应的发生必须有还原剂提供电子,微生物的参与尤为重要;同时展望了同位素示踪法在研究PCOCs降解机制上的应用,以及开发高效降解PCOCs微生物的必要性等。Polychlorinated organic compounds （PCOCs）, which are still produced and used heavily, are typical contaminants in soils and sediments. They bring serious harm to the environment due to their high toxicity and persistence. Thus, it is of critical significance to probe into the mechanism of PCOCs degradation and to seek the effective degradation methods PCOCs could be dechlorinated in anaerobic conditions, thus decreasing their persistence and toxicity. The resultant lower chlorinated products from dechlorination can be sequentially degraded until completely mineralized in aerobic conditions. Starting with the process of PCOCs degradation, this article mainly reviews the mechanism of dechlorination of several typical PCOCs, i. e. , chlorinated hydrocarbon, chlorinated benzene, organic chlorinated pesticide, PCBs and PCDD/ PCDF, including their processes of dechlorination and the relation between dechlorination and molecular structure. Some important influencing factors are also discussed. This article elucidates in detail that dechlorination is the key step during the degradation of PCOCs. The participation of microorganisms is particularly essential. The environmental condition, primarily including the physical and chemical characteristics of soils or sediments, brings great influence on the degradation of PCOCs. The occurrence of the dechlorination must involve the electron donors offered by the reducers, such as metals and organic carbon. Other electron acceptors also have certain effects. Finally, the application of isotopic tracing techniques to the study on the degradation mechanism of PCOCs, as well as the need of developing economical organic carbon compounds and highly effective microorganisms for the degradation of PCOCs is recommended.

关 键 词：土壤 沉积物 多氯联苯 有机氯农药 厌氧脱氯 微生物 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]