高分子季铵盐型抗菌塑料的制备和抗菌性能  

Preparation and antimicrobial properties of plastics containing nanosized SiO_2 grafted with macromolecular quaternary ammonium salts

作　　者：吴远根[1] 邱树毅[1] 张难[1] 佟会[1] 宋治福[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省发酵工程与生物制药重点实验室 [2]国家复合改性聚合物材料工程技术研究中心,贵阳550014

出　　处：《材料研究学报》2007年第4期421-426,共6页Chinese Journal of Materials Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金50363001;国家八六三计划新材料领域2003AA33X080;教育部春晖计划S2005-2-52001;贵州省自然科学基金20033082资助项目.~~

摘　　要：采用共价健合方法将高分子季铵盐接枝在纳米SiO_2粉体表面,其抗细菌效果与无机载银抗菌剂相当,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为100mg/L和1500mg/L.使用抗菌剂母粒化法将其添加到聚乙烯(PE)中制备抗菌塑料,抗菌粉体均匀分散在塑料的外层,平均粒径为200nm.抗菌塑料对细菌和霉菌的抗菌效果都非常显著,其防霉性能明显优于由无机载银抗菌剂制备的抗菌塑料.抗菌塑料人工老化处理不会使其抗菌效果明显下降,具有良好的抗菌长效性和稳定性.The macromolecular quaternary ammonium salts were attached covalently on the surface of nano-SiO2 to make nanometer SiO2 antimicrobial. The minimum inhibitory concentrations （MIC） of NSGMQAS against Gram-positive bacterium, Staphyococcus aureus（ATCC 6538）, and Gram-negative bacterium, Eschericha coil （ATCC 25922） are 100 mg/L and 1500 mg/L, respectively. Antimicrobial polythene （PE） were prepared by adding 2% antimicrobial SiO2 nanoparticles, the resultant plastics can kill more than 99% test microorganism on contact, and they also exhibit sustaining bactericidal activity after the artificial aging treatment. The antifungal activity of the PE containing antimicrobial SiO2 nanoparticles is superior to the PE containing the same addition of inorganic antimicrobial attached Ag^＋. The average diameter of antimicrobial SiO2 nanoparticles is 200 nm, which dispersed equably in the outside of antimicrobial plastic.

关 键 词：有机高分子材料 纳米SIO2 季铵盐 抗菌长效性 

分 类 号：TB324[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ320[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]