不同脂肪源饲料对中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育与繁殖性能的影响  

Effects of dietary lipid sources on ovary development and reproduction performance of female Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：刘立鹤[1] 陈立侨[1] 李康[1] 周永奎[1] 李二超[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2007年第5期786-793,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30271012);高等学校博士点专项基金(20040269011);上海市优秀学科带头人计划项目(05XD14005);上海市科委基础重大专项(06DJ14003);浙江省重大科技攻关农业项目(2005C12006-01)

摘　　要：在基础饲料(CP 40%)中分别添加6%的鱼油、花生油、卵磷脂和猪油,投喂中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis,简称河蟹)28周,以投喂冰鲜小杂鱼的河蟹为对照组,研究投喂不同脂肪源饲料对河蟹卵巢发育和繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,饲料脂肪源对河蟹的卵巢发育和繁殖性能影响显著,鱼油组雌蟹的产卵力[2.787×103cell/g(Wt)]显著高于其他实验组,卵磷脂组[2.216×103cell/g(Wt)]和对照组[2.041×103cell/g(Wt)]次之;而鱼油、卵磷脂和对照组间雌蟹的受精率与孵化率无显著差异,但均显著高于猪油和花生油组;猪油组雌蟹的繁殖性能最差,其产卵力与孵化率分别仅为鱼油组的56.9%和32.57%,受精率也较鱼油组显著降低;随着饲养时间的延续,对照组河蟹肝体指数(HSI)逐渐下降,而性腺指数(GSI)持续上升,Ⅲ1～Ⅲ2期增幅最大,Ⅲ2期雌蟹GSI值高达9.15,显著高于同期其他实验组,且同期血淋巴中卵黄蛋白原(Vg)的含量显著升高。与对照组不同,各饲料组卵巢发育期的物质积累峰值主要发生在Ⅲ2～Ⅳ期,GSI峰值均出现在性腺发育的第Ⅳ期,磷脂组与鱼油组Ⅳ期的GSI最高,分别为11.50和11.25,花生油组次之(8.85),猪油组最低(7.30);猪油能明显提高河蟹性腺发育早期血淋巴中Vg的含量,但当性腺成熟至Ⅳ期时,除卵磷脂组外,其他饲料组血淋巴Vg含量较Ⅲ2期显著降低,且猪油组和对照组血淋巴中Vg含量显著低于其他饲料组。结果表明,Ⅲ1～Ⅲ2期是河蟹雌体肝胰腺营养物质向卵巢转移,卵巢营养物质快速积累的时期,且饲料脂肪源可通过影响卵巢中卵黄蛋白源等营养物质的合成和积累,进而影响到河蟹卵巢发育和繁殖性能。综合比较,卵磷脂也可以作为河蟹雌性亲体的优质饲料脂肪源。Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on ovary development and reproduction performance of female broodstocks of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Four experimental diets containing 6 % different lipid sources（fish oil, peanut oil, pork lard and lecithin, respectively） were formulated and fed to the experimental crabs. Crabs fed with fresh frozen-fish served as the control. There were 15 crabs in each experimental tank and four replicates in each treatment. The feeding trial lasted 28 weeks. The results showed that broodstock crabs fed the diet containing pork lard and peanut oil had poor fecundity and low hatchability. Fecundity and hatchability of female crab fed diet with 6 % pork lard were only respectively 56.9 % and 32.57 % of those with diet with 6 % fish oil. 13roodstock fed the diets containing fish oil showed the highest fecundity which was 2. 787 × 10^3 cell/g. However, egg hatchability showed no significant differences compared with those with diet containing 6 % lecithin and control. During ovary maturation, Vg could be determined in hemolymph during ovarian maturation of E. sinensis. Hepatopancreas somatic index（HSI） continuously decreased,while Gonad somatic index（GSI） increased in control group, especially during developmental stages Ⅲ 1 - Ⅲ 2. In contrast to control group, the trend of nutrients transferring from hepatopancreas and stored to ovary in the group fed with experimental diets lagged with most sharp peak appeared in stages Ⅲ 2 - Ⅳ, which is more evident in groups fed diet containing pork lard and peanut oil, especially the former which made Vg content increase in hemolymph so as to get nutrients sufficient storage in ovary at stage Ⅲ 1. However, at ovarian mature stage Ⅳ GSI of female crab was 11.50 for lecitin, 11.25 for fish oil, 8.85 for peanut oil and 7.30 for pork lard. Vg were affected by dietary lipid sources. Vg content in hemolymph of crab fed with diet containing 6 % pork lard was significantly increas

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 脂肪源 繁殖性能 卵黄蛋白原 卵巢发育 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]