南极石油烃降解嗜冷菌的筛选及其降解特性的研究  

Study on Screening of Antarctic Psychrophilic Bacteria for Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation and Their Degrading Characteristics

作　　者：郑洲[1] 刘芳明[1] 张波涛[1] 徐庆龙 缪锦来[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 [2]颐中(青岛)实业有限公司,山东青岛266021

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2007年第3期311-316,共6页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目--南极冰藻胞外冰活性物质的研究(40506005)

摘　　要：从385株南极海洋细菌中筛选出2株石油烃降解菌NJ276和NJ341,并对其降解特性进行了初步研究。以柴油为唯一碳源进行降解实验的结果表明,它们在5℃时20 d内对柴油的降解率分别达到23.47%和32.15%,在15℃时20 d内降解率分别达到43.95%和62.47%,其降解能力随着培养温度的升高而显著增强;石油烃降解残油组分的GC-MS分析结果表明,柴油经过嗜冷菌NJ276降解后的残油组分中能检测到C15～C21七种烷烃,经过嗜冷菌NJ341降解后的残油组分只能检测到少量C16,C17和C18三种烷烃。对它们进行16S rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析结果表明,菌株NJ276属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoaltero monas),菌株NJ341属于科尔韦尔氏属(Colwellia)。2 strains of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria NJ276 and NJ341 were screened from 385 strains of Antarctic marine bacteria, and their degrading characteristics were preliminarily studed. The hydrocarbon degrading experiment was made by taking diesel oil as the sole carbon source, and it is shown from the experimental results that the diesel oil degradation rates of Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria NJ276 and NJ341 cultured at 5 ℃ for 20 days are 23.47% and 32.15%, respectively, and those cultured at 15 ℃ for 20 days are 43.95% and 62.47%, respectively, which indicates that the oil degrading ability of psychrophilic backteria were significantly enhanced with increasing culture temperature. It is shown from the GC-MS anlysis results of degraded residual oil components that 7 kinds of alkane C15 to C21 were detected in the residual oil components degraded by poychrophilic bacteria NJ276, but only a small amount of 3 kinds of alkane C16, C17 and C18 were detected in the residual oil components degraded by psychrophilic bacteria NJ341. The 16s rDNA gene sequence homologous and phylogenetic analysis of the two bacteria was made, and it is shown from the analysis results that psychrophilic bacteria NJ276 belongs to Pseudoalterornonas, and psychrophilic bacteria NJ341 belongs to Colwellia.

关 键 词：南极嗜冷菌 石油烃 生物降解 

分 类 号：Q151.6[生物学—普通生物学] X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]