运用虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗飞行恐惧症的研究述评  

A review on Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Fear of Flying

作　　者：闫京江[1,2] 吴灵丹[1,2] 孙弘进[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学人格与认知教育部重点实验室 [2]西南大学心理学院 重庆 400715

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2007年第9期1372-1374,1382,共4页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：西南大学国家重点学科一般课题"距离知觉的信息加工机制研究"(NSKD06008)

摘　　要：虚拟现实暴露疗法是治疗飞行恐惧症的新方法。与传统的暴露疗法相比,虚拟现实暴露疗法集合了实体暴露疗法和想象暴露疗法的优点。避免了二者的不足,具有灵活、高效、安全、可重复和易于操控的特点。研究者们利用数据头盔、双通道立体声耳机、追踪设备、感应器等设备给飞行恐惧症患者呈现实时的计算机动画、双通道立体声和触觉刺激,使之沉浸在虚拟的飞行情景中,从而激发出患者的恐惧情绪。在虚拟现实暴露治疗的过程中,治疗师根据患者的情况使之逐步暴露在不同等级的刺激性情景中,经反复练习逐渐耐受并适应这些情景,最终克服不合理的恐惧。近10年的大量研究表明:虚拟现实暴露疗法能有效地治愈飞行恐惧症,在临床上具有良好的应用前景。今后的研究将进一步比较虚拟现实暴露疗法与其他治疗方法的疗效,并开发出成本更低、临场感更好的虚拟现实设备以扩展虚拟现实暴露疗法在飞行恐惧症治疗中的应用。Virtual reality exposure therapy （VRET） is a new treatment for fear of flying. In contrast with traditional exposure treatment, VRET combines merits of Exposure Therapy in Vivo and those of Exposure Therapy in Imagination, while avoiding flaws of the two. It offers more controls for the patients with fear of flying,which is more flexible, time- and cost- efficient, safer, and less embarrassing. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, binaural earphone, body tracking devices and other sensory input devices to immerse patients in the computer-generated virtual flying situations, which may reduce their fear of flying. VRET generally includes three phases： pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment. During the treatment phase, by gradually exploring to flying situations, patients may learn to bear and feel controls while overcoming the fear of flying, and finally climinate that kind of irrational fear. Research on the effect of VRET for fear of flying has been discussed in this artide, as well as insufficiency of present study and suggestions for forward study . Evidence is found that VRET is effective for patients with fear of flying. It＇s a prospective treatment and may be a possible alternative to traditional exposure therapy. Further researches are needed to be compared. Lower cost and better sense of field experience virtual reality devices should be developed to expand the clinical application of VRET in the treatment of patients with fear of flying.

关 键 词：暴露疗法 虚拟现实暴露疗法 飞行恐惧症 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]